Saturday 3 June 2017

Signs and Wonders : Comets and Chemtrails


Reports of identical disease-inducing mists from the Plague years strongly suggest that the Black Death was caused by germ warfareLet us take a look at the incredible reports which lead to that conclusion....

"There were all sorts of interpretations to little Angelo. 

He's a very sweet man and...a very, very sweet man. It's this sort of...there should be something also--sinister about him. 

I mean, there was always the possibility that he might be No. 1. 

See, I don't know if anyone...do you pick up that at all..? 

I don't know, but that...because he was such a good friend and always by the side of No. 6, that there was...should have been an implication that perhaps he was a sinister character, and particularly in the last episode, when he goes...he's the one that goes out with No. 6 and they go into the...

Maybe he's over No. 1 somewhere...

You know they have so...they have starssuperstars, and what are they gonna call them next? 

Comets

So what...maybe he's a comet or something, little...little Angelo.

 So there should be that remaining sinister thing about it.

"Despite the oppression of the Inquisition, Europe in the 13th century was beginning to recover from the economic and social disruption caused by the Crusades. Signs of a European renaissance were visible in the widening of intellectual and artistic horizons. Trade with other parts of the world did much to enrich European life. Europe was entering an era in which chivalry, music, art, and spiritual values were playing greater roles. Hardly a century of this progress had passed, however, before a disastrous event abruptly brought it to a temporary halt. That event was the Bubonic Plague, also known as the Black Death.

The Black Death began in Asia and soon spread to Europe where it killed well over 25 million people (about one third of Europe’s total population) in less than four years. Some historians put the casualty figure closer to 35 to 40 million people, or about half of all Europeans. 

The epidemic first spread through Europe between 1347and 1350. The Bubonic Plague continued to strike Europe with decreasing fatality every ten to twenty years in short-lived outbreaks all the way up until the 1700’s. Although it is difficult to calculate the total number of deaths from that 400-year period, it is believed that over 100 million people may have died from the Plague. 

Two types of plague are believed to have caused the Black Death. The first is the “bubonic” type, which was the most common. The bubonic form of plague is characterized by swellings of the lymph nodes; the swellings are called ”buboes.” The buboes are accompanied by vomiting, fever, and death within several days if not treated. This form of plague is not contagious between human beings: it requires an active carrier, such as a flea. For this reason, many historians believe that flea-infested rodents caused the Bubonic Plague. Rodents are known to carry the disease even today. A number of records from between 1347 and the late 1600’s speak of rodent infestations prior to several outbreaks of the Black Death, lending credence to the rodent theory.

The second form of plague contributing to the Black Death is a highly contagious type known as “pneumonic” plague. It is marked by shivering, rapid breathing, and the coughing up of blood. Body temperatures are high and death normally follows three to four days after the disease has been contracted. This second type of plague is nearly always fatal and transmits best in cold weather and in poor ventilation. Some physicians today believe it was this second form, the “pneumonic” plague, which was responsible for most of the casualties of the Black Death because of the crowding and poor hygienic conditions then prevalent in Europe. 

We would normally shake our heads at this tragic period of human history and be thankful that modern medicine has developed cures for these dread diseases. However, troubling enigmas about the Black Death still linger. Many outbreaks occurred in summer during warm weather in uncrowded regions. Not all outbreaks of bubonic plague were preceded by rodent infestation; in fact, only a minority of cases seemed to be related to an increase in the presence of vermin. The greatest puzzle about the Black Death is how it was able to strike isolated human populations which had no contact with earlier infected areas. The epidemics also tended to end abruptly. 

To solve these puzzles, an historian would normally look to records from the Plague years to see what people were reporting. When he does so, he encounters stories so stunning and unbelievable that he is likely to reject them as the fantasies and superstitions of badly frightened minds. A great many people throughout Europe and other Plague-stricken regions of the world were reporting that outbreaks of the Plague were caused by foul-smelling “mists.” Those mists frequently appeared after unusually bright lights in the sky. The historian quickly discovers that “mists” and bright lights were reported far more frequently and in many more locations than were rodent infestations. The Plague years were, in fact, a period of heavy UFO activity

What; then, were the mysterious mists?

There is another very important way in which plague germs can be transmitted: through germ weapons. The United States and the Soviet Union today have stockpiles of biological weapons containing bubonic plague and other epidemic diseases. The germs are kept alive in canisters which spray the diseases into the air on thick, often visible, artificial mists. Anyone breathing in the mist will inhale the disease. There are enough such germ weapons today to wipe out a good portion of humanity. Reports of identical disease-inducing mists from the Plague years strongly suggest that the Black Death was caused by germ warfare. Let us take a look at the incredible reports which lead to that conclusion. 

The first outbreak of the Plague in Europe followed an unusual series of events. Between 1298 and 1314, seven large “comets” were seen over Europe; one was of “aweinspiring blackness.”1 One year before the first outbreak of the epidemic in Europe, a “column of fire” was reported over the Pope’s* palace at Avignon, France. 

* This was a second unauthorized pope who assumed the title as the result of a schism within the Catholic Church. The complete title is, 
A chronicle of prodigies and portents that have occurred beyond the right order, operation and working of nature, in both the upper and lower regions of the earth, from the beginning of the world up to these present times. 
Earlier that year, a “ball of fire” was observed over Paris; it reportedly remained visible to observers for some time. To the people of Europe, these sightings were considered omens of the Plague which soon followed. 

It is true that some reported “comets” were probably just that: comets. Some may also have been small meteors or fireballs (large blazing meteors). Centuries ago, people were generally far more superstitious than they are today and so natural meteors and similar prosaic phenomena were often reported as precursors to later disasters even though there was no real-life connection. 

On the other hand, it is important to note that almost any unusual object in the sky was called a “comet.” A good example is found in a bestselling book published in 1557, "A Chronicle of Prodigies and Portents..." by Conrad Lycosthenes. On page 494 of Lycosthenes’ book we read of a “comet” observed in the year 1479: 
“A comet was seen in Arabia in the manner of a sharply pointed wooden beam ...”
The accompanying illustration, which was based on eyewitness descriptions, shows what clearly looks like the front half of a rocketship among some clouds. 

The object appears to have many portholes. Today we would call the object a UFOnot a comet. This leads us to wonder how many other ancient “comets” were actually similar rocket-like objects. When we are confronted with-an old report of a comet, we therefore do not really know what kind of thing we are dealing with unless there is a fuller description. A report of a sudden increase in “comets” or similar celestial phenomena may, in fact, mean an increase in UFO activity.

The link between unusual aerial phenomena and the Black Death was established immediately during the first outbreaks of the Plague in Asia. As one historian tells us:
The first reports [of the Plague] came out of the East. They were confused, exaggerated, frightening, as reports from that quarter of the world so often are: descriptions of storms and earthquakes: of meteors and comets trailing noxious gases that killed trees and destroyed the fertility of the land...2
The above passage indicates that strange flying objects were doing more than just spreading disease: they were also apparently spraying chemical or biological defoliants from the air. The above passage echoes the ancient Mesopotamian tablets which described defoliation of the landscape by ancient Custodial “Gods.” Many human casualties from the Black Death may have been caused by such defoliants. 

The connection between aerial phenomena and plague had begun centuries before the Black Death. We saw examples in our earlier discussion of Justinian’s Plague. We read from another source about a large plague that had reportedly broken out in the year 1117—almost 250 years before the Black Death. 

That plague was also preceded by unusual celestial phenomena: 
In 1117, in January, a comet passed like a fiery army from the North towards the Orient, the moon was overcast blood-red in an eclipse, a year later a light appeared more brilliant than the sun. This was followed by great cold, famine, and plague, of which one-third of humanity is said to have perished.3 * 

* I have seen no mention of this plague in any other history book. It may have been a local plague which destroyed not a third of humanity, but a third of the afflicted population. 
Once the medieval Black Death got started, noteworthy aerial phenomena continued to accompany the dread epidemic. Reports of many of these phenomena were assembled by Johannes Nohl and published in his book, The Black Death, A Chronicle of the Plague(1926). According to Mr. Nohl, at least 26 “comets” were reported between 1500 and 1543. Fifteen or sixteen were seen between 1556 and 1597. In the year 1618, eight or nine were observed. 

Mr. Nohl emphasizes the connection which people perceived between the “comets” and subsequent epidemics: 
In the year 1606 a comet was seen, after which a general plague traversed the world. In 1582 a comet brought so violent a plague upon Majo, Prague, Thuringia, the Netherlands, and other places that in Thuringia it carried off 37,000 and in the Netherlands 46,415.4
From Vienna, Austria, we get the following description of an event which happened in 1568. Here we see a connection between an outbreak of Plague and an object described in a manner remarkably similar to a modern cigar or beam-shaped UFO:
When in sun and moonlight a beautiful rainbow and a fiery beam were seen hovering above the church of St. Stephanie, which was followed by a violent epidemic in Austria, Swabia, Augsberg, Wuertemberg, Nuremburg, and other places, carrying off human beings and cattle.5
Sightings of unusual aerial phenomena usually occurred from several minutes to a year before an outbreak of Plague. Where there was a gap between such a sighting and the arrival of the Plague, a second phenomenon was sometimes reported: the appearance of frightening humanlike figures dressed in black. Those figures were often seen on the outskirts of a town or village and their presence would signal the outbreak of an epidemic almost immediately. 

A summary written in 1682 tells of one such visit a century earlier: 
In Brandenburg [in Germany] there appeared in 1559 horrible men, of whom at first fifteen and later on twelve were seen. The foremost had beside their posteriors little heads, the others fearful faces and long scythes, with which they cut at the oats, so that the swish could be heard at a great distance, but the oats remained standing. When a quantity of people came running out to see them, they went on with their mowing.6
The visit of the strange men to the oat fields was followed immediately by a severe outbreak of the Plague in Brandenburg.
This incident raises intriguing questions: who were the mysterious figures? What were the long scythe-like instruments they held that emitted a loud swishing sound? It appears that the “scythes” may have been long instruments designed to spray poison or germ-laden gas. This would mean that the townspeople misinterpreted the movement of the “scythes” as an attempt to cut oats when, in fact, the movements were the act of spraying aerosols on the town. 

Similar men dressed in black were reported in Hungary: 
. . . in the year of Christ 1571 was seen at Cremnitz in the mountain towns of Hungary on Ascension Day in the evening to the great perturbation [disturbance] of all, when on the Schuelersberg there appeared so many black riders that the opinion was prevalent that the Turks were making a secret raid, but who rapidly disappeared again, and thereupon a raging plague broke out in the neighborhood.7
Strange men dressed in black, “demons,” and other terrifying figures were observed in other European communities. The frightening creatures were often observed carrying long ”brooms,” “scythes,” or “swords” that were used to “sweep” or “knock at” the doors of people’s homes. The inhabitants of those homes fell ill with plague afterwards. It is from these reports that people created the popular image of “Death” as a skeleton or demon carrying a scythe. The scythe came to symbolize the act of Death mowing down people like stalks of grain. In looking at this haunting image of death, we may, in fact, be staring into the face of the UFO.

Of all the phenomena connected to the Black Death, by far the most frequently reported were the strange, noxious “mists.” The vapors were often observed even when the other phenomena were not. Mr. Nohl points out that moist pestilential fogs were “a feature which preceded the epidemic throughout its whole course.” 8 A great many physicians of the time took it for granted that the strange mists caused the Plague. This connection was established at the very beginning of the Black Death, as Mr. Nohl tells us: 
The origin of the plague lay in China, there it is said to have commenced to rage already in the year 1333, after a terrible mist emitting a fearful stench and infecting the air.9
Another account stresses that the Plague did not spread from person to person, but was contracted by breathing the deadly stinking air:
During the whole of the year 1382 there was no wind, in consequence of which the air grew putrid, so that an epidemic broke out, and the plague did not pass from one man to another, but everyone who was killed by it got it straight from the air.10
Reports of deadly “mists” and “pestilential fogs” came from all Plague-infested parts of the world: 
A Prague chronicle describes the epidemic in China, India and Persia; and the Florentine historian Matteo Villani, who took up the work of his brother Giovanni after he had died of the plague in Florence, relays the account of earthquakes and pestilential fogs from a traveller in Asia.
The same historian continues: 
A similar incident of earthquake and pestilential fog was reported from Cyprus, and it was believed that the wind had been so poisonous that men were struck down and died from it.12
He adds: 
German accounts speak of a heavy vile-smelling mist which advanced from the East and spread itself over Italy.13
That author states that in other countries: 
. .. people were convinced that they could contract the disease from the stench, or even, as is sometimes described, actually see the plague coming through the streets as a pale fog.14
He summarizes, rather dramatically: 
The earth itself seemed in a state of convulsion, shuddering and spitting, putting forth heavy poisonous winds that destroyed animals and plants and called swarms of insects to life to complete the destruction.15
Similar happenings are echoed by other writers. A journal from 1680 reported this odd incident: 
That between Eisenberg and Dornberg thirty funeral biers [casket stands] all covered with black cloth were seen in broad daylight, among them on a bier a blackman was standing with a white cross. When these had disappeared a great heat set in so that the people in this place could hardly stand it. But when the sun had set they perceived so sweet a perfume as if they were in a garden of roses. By this time they were all plunged in perturbation. Whereupon the epidemic set in in Thuringia in many places.16
Further south, in Vienna: 
.. . evil smelling mists are blamed, as indicative of the plague, and of these, indeed, several were observed last autumn.17
Direct from the plague-ravaged town of Eisleben, we get this amusing and perhaps exaggerated newspaper account published on September 1, 1682: 
In the cemetery of Eisleben on the 6th inst. [?] at night the following incident was noticed: When during the night the gravediggers were hard at work digging trenches, for on many days between eighty and ninety have died, they suddenly observed that the cemetery church, more especially the pulpit, was lighted up by bright sunshine. But on their going up to it so deep a darkness and black, thick fog came over the graveyard that they could hardly see one another, and which they took to be an evil omen. Thus day and night gruesome evil spirits are seen frightening the people, goblins grinning at them and pelting them, but also many white ghosts and specters.18
The same newspaper story later adds: 
When Magister Hardte expired in his agony a blue smoke was seen to rise from his throat, and this in the presence of the death; the same has been observed in the case of others expiring. In the same manner blue smoke has been observed to rise from the gables of houses at Eisleben all the inhabitants of which have died. In the church of St. Peter blue smoke has been observed high up near the ceiling; on this account the church is shunned, particularly as the parish has been exterminated.19
The “mists” or Plague poisons were thick enough to mix with normal air moisture and become part of the morning dew. People were warned to take the following precautions: 
If newly baked bread is placed for the night at the end of a pole and in the morning is found to be mildewed and internally grown green, yellow and uneatable, and when thrown to fowls and dogs causes them to die from eating it, in a similar manner if fowls drink the morning dew and die in consequence, then the plague poison is near at hand.20
As noted earlier, lethal “mists” were directly associated with bright moving lights in the sky. Other sources for the stenches were also reported. For example, Forestus Alcmarianoswrote of a monstrous “whale” he had encountered which was: 
28 ells [105 feet] in length and 14 ells [33 feet] broad which, coming from the western sea, was thrown upon the shore of Egemont by great waves and was unable to reach the open again; it produced so great a foulness and malignity of the air that very soon a great epidemic broke out in Egemont and neighborhood.21
It is a shame that Mr. Alcmarianos did not provide a more detailed description of the deadly whale because it may have been a craft similar to modern UFOs which have been observed entering and leaving bodies of water. On the other hand, Mr. Alcmarianos’ whale may have been just that: a dead rotting whale which happened to wash up on shore just before a nearby outbreak of the Plague. 

It is significant that foul mists and bad air were blamed for many other epidemics in history. During a plague in ancient Rome, the famous physician Hippocrates (ca. 460337 B.C.) stated that the disease was caused by body disturbances brought on by changes in the atmosphere. To remedy this, Hippocrates had people build large public bonfires. He believed that large fires would set the air aright. 

Hippocrates’ advice was followed centuries later by physicians during the medieval Plague. Modern doctors take a dim view of Hippocrates’ advice on this matter, however, in the belief that Hippocrates was ignorant about the true causes of plague. In reality, huge outdoor bonfires were the only conceivable defense against the Plague if it was indeed caused by germ-saturated aerosols. Vaccines to combat the Plague had not been invented and so the people’s only hope was to burn away the deadly “mists” with fire. Hippocrates and those who followed his advice may have actually saved some lives. 

Significantly, bubonic and pneumonic plagues were not the only infectious diseases in history to be spread on strange lethal fogs. The deadly intestinal disease, cholera, was another: 
When cholera broke out on board Her Majesty’s ship Britannia in the Black Sea in 1854, several officers and men asserted positively that, immediately prior to the outbreak, a curious dark mist swept up from the sea and passed over the ship. The mist had barely cleared the vessel when the first case of disease was announced.22
Blue mists were also reported in connection with the cholera outbreaks of 1832 and 1848-1849 in England. 

As mentioned earlier, plagues had a very strong religious significance. In the Bible, plagues were said to be Jehovah’s method of punishing people for evil. “Omens” preceding outbreaks of the Black Death resembled many of the “omens” reported in the Bible:
Men confronted with the terror of the Black Death were impressed by the chain of events leading up to the final plague, and accounts of the coming of the14th-century pestilence selected from among all the ominous events that must have occurred in the years preceding the outbreak of 1348 those which closely resemble the ten plagues of Pharoah: disruptions in the atmosphere, storms, unusual invasions of insects, celestial phenomena. 23
In addition, the Bubonic form of plague was very similar, if not identical, to some of the punishments inflicted by ”God ” in the Old Testament: 
But the hand of the Lord was heavy upon the people of Ashdod [a Philistine city], and he destroyed them, and killed them with emerods [painful swellings].
1 SAMUEL 5:6 

. .. the hand of the Lord was against the city [Gath, another Philistine city] with a very great destruction: and he killed the men of the city, both young and old, and they had emerods in their secret parts.
1 SAMUEL 5:9 

. .. there was a deadly destruction throughout all the city; the hand of God was very heavy there. And the men that survived were afflicted with the emerods: and the crying of the city went up to heaven.
1 SAMUEL 5:11-12 
The religious aspect of the medieval Black Death was enhanced by reports of thundering sounds in connection with outbreaks of the Plague. The sounds were similar to those described in the Bible as accompanying the appearance of Jehovah. Interestingly, they are also sounds common to some UFO sightings:
During the plague of 1565 in Italy rumblings of thunder were heard day and night, as in a war, together with the turmoil and noise as of a mighty army. In Germany in many places a noise was heard as if a hearse were passing through the streets of its own accord .. .24
Similar noises accompanied strange aerial phenomena in remarkable Plague-related sightings from England. The object described in the quote below remained visible for over a week and does appear to be a true comet or planet (such as Venus); however, some of the other objects can only be labeled “unidentified.” 

Historian Walter George Bell, drawing on writings from the period, summarized: 
Late into dark December nights of the year 1664 London citizens sat up to watch a new blazing star, with “mighty talk” thereupon. King Charles II and his Queen gazed out of the windows at Whitehall. About east it rose, reaching no great altitude, and sank below the south-west horizon between two and three o’clock. In a week or two it was gone, then letters came from Vienna notifying the like sight of a brilliant comet, and “in the ayr [air] the appearance of a Coffin, which causes great anxiety of thought amongst the people.” 

Erfurt saw with it other terrible apparitions, and listeners detected noises in the air, as of fires, and sounds of cannon and musket-shot. The report ran that one night in the February following hundreds of persons had seen flames of fire for an hour together, which seemed to be thrown from Whitehall to St. James and then back again to Whitehall, where after they disappeared. 

In March there came into the heavens a yet brighter comet visible two hours after midnight, and so continuing till daylight. With such ominous portents the Great Plague in London was ushered in.25
Other less frequent “omens” were also reported in connection with the Black Death. Some of those phenomena were obvious fictions. Significantly, the fictions were not widespread and were rarely reported outside of the communities in which they originated

Magnificent


MARTOK: 
By marrying Worf, Dax will be joining the House of Martok. 

Since the Mistress of a Great House must approve all marriages, Sirella will spend the next four days evaluating Jadzia. 

(The airlock opens and a stately Klingon woman comes out.) 

MARTOK
My Lady. 

SIRELLA
You've put on weight and your hair is going grey. 

MARTOK
My deterioration is proceeding apace. 

SIRELLA
I thought you would be in your grave by now. 

MARTOK
I shall endeavour to die this year, if possible. 

Allow me to present Captain Benjamin Sisko, Commander of Deep Space Nine. 

Captain, may I present the Mistress of the House of Martok, 
My Wife and the Mother of My Children, 
Sirella, Daughter of Linkasa. 

SISKO
Welcome to Deep Space Nine. 

SIRELLA
Thank you, Captain. 
Where is she? 

MARTOK
Jadzia's quarters are in the Habitat ring, section twenty five alpha. 
Shall I escort you? It's quite far away. 

SIRELLA
I'll find my way. If you'll excuse me. 

(Yup, they're deeply in love. I'm thinking Benedick and Beatrice from Much Ado About Nothing.

MARTOK
MAGNIFICENT, isn't she?

Friday 2 June 2017

Thief



"The soldiers [seen on Fox in Iraq] in the foreground should be identified as 
'sharpshooters,' 
not 'snipers,' which carries a negative connotation."
Well, thief. I smell you. I hear your breath. I feel your air. 
Where are you? Where are you? 
Come now. Don't be shy. Step into the light...

You have nice manners for a thief... and a LIAR!


"Dear Quark, 
I used parts of your disruptor to fix the replicators. 
Will return them soon. Rom. "

QUARK: 
I will kill him. 

ODO: 
With what..?




  SISKO: 
It's really quite simple, Quark. 
You're not going to leave. 

QUARK: 
Not going to leave? 
But we're packed and ready to go. 

SISKO: 
Unpack. 

QUARK: 
I don't understand, Commander. 
Why would you want me to stay? 

ODO: 
I'm curious myself. 
The man is a gambler and a thief

QUARK:
 I'm not a thief. 

ODO: 
You are a thief

QUARK: 
If I am, you haven't been able to prove it for four years. 

SISKO: 
Please. My officers, the Bajoran engineers, all their families depend on the shops and services of this Promenade. 
If people like you abandon it, this is going to become a ghost town. 
We need someone to step forward and say, 
'I'm staying, I'm rebuilding.' 
We need a community leader and it's going to be you, Quark. 

QUARK: 
Community leader!?!

ODO: 
Seems reasonable. 
You have all the character references of a politician. 

QUARK: 
How could I possibly operate my establishment under Starfleet rules of conduct? 

SISKO: 
This is still a Bajoran station. 
We're just here to administrate. 
You run honest games, you won't have any problems from me. 

QUARK: 
Commander, I've made a career out of knowing when to leave, and this Bajoran provisional government is far too provisional for my taste. 
And when governments fall, people like me are lined up and shot. 

SISKO: 
There is that risk, but then, you are a gambler, Quark. 

ODO: 
And, a thief

SISKO: 
You know, Quark, that poor kid is about to spend the best years of his life in a Bajoran prison. 
I'm a father myself. I know what your brother must be going through. 
The boy should be with his family, not in some cold jail cell. 
Think about it. It's up to you. 

(Sisko leaves


ODO: 
You know, at first, I didn't think I was going to like him...

There are 3 thieves who shall not suffer punishment, —
  • A Woman Compelled by her Husband, 
  • A Child, 
  • A Necessitous Person Who Has Gone Through 3 Towns and to 9 Houses in Each Town Without Being Able to Obtain Charity Though he Asked for it.


There are 3 Ends of Law,—
  • Prevention of Wrong, 
  • Punishment for Wrong Inflicted
  • Insurance of Just Retribution.

There are 3 things free to all Britons,—
  • The Forest, 
  • The Unworked Mine, 
  • The Right of Hunting Wild Creatures.


There are 3 things which are private and sacred property in every Man, Briton or foreigner,—
  • His Wife, 
  • His Children, 
  • His Domestic Chattels.


There are 3 things belonging to a Man which no Law of Men can touch, fine, or transfer,—
  • His Wife, 
  • His Children, and
  • The Instruments of His Calling; 

for 
No Law Can Unman a Man
or 
Uncall a Calling.



"The European Dragon guards two things in his Cave - 

He guards heaps of Gold, and Virgins.

And he can't make use of either of them.

But he just GUARDS."







Beowulf-The Hobbit



Beowulf and Storyline of The Hobbit

A comparison of The Hobbit and Beowulf

By Joanna D. 6/28/06
J. R. R. Tolkien was professor of English literature, and he really liked Beowulf. This being so, he managed to use many of the same scenes, characters, and symbols in his book, The Hobbit.
To understand the rest of this report, you will need to be acquainted with Beowulf. He is the nephew of a Geatish ruler. He comes to the aid of a Danish king who has a problem with a cannibalistic monster. This monster, Grendel, comes every night to the hall where all the king’s warriors sleep and devours many of them in their sleep, returning every night to his lair. Beowulf stays in the hall one night and fights Grendel with his bare hands, tearing off the monster’s arm before he escapes.
The next night Grendel’s enraged mother comes, thinking only of revenge. She is met by many men and, capturing one of them, she flees with Grendel’s arm. They track her to the pool of her underwater lair, finding there the remains of her captive. Beowulf takes the loan of a sword (Hrunting), dives, and is brought by Grendel’s mother to her lair, where he finds a great sword, with which he slays her. He also finds Grendel, who is dead, and cuts off his head as a trophy. As he comes up, however, he finds that the blade of the marvelous sword melts in the heat of the gore in the water, and that every one seeing all the blood on the water thought he was dead.
After many thanks and rewards, Beowulf returns to Geotland, where his uncle, Hygalec also praises and rewards his valor. Many years later, when they are in a break in a battle with the Swedes, Hygalec leads an expedition up the Rhine River. They are all, with the exception of Beowulf, who escapes, killed. Hygelac’s son is killed for harboring royal Swedish refugees. Beowulf becomes king. One of his men is Wiglaf, a young warrior who was hired by the Swedish king to kill as Swedish prince whose armor Wiglaf now wears. That prince’s brother, however, is now the king of Sweden.
One day, a run-away slave stumbles across a dragon’s treasure, and steals a golden cup as atonement for some crime. It is accepted, but the dragon begins to wreak havoc across the region. Then, learning where the cup came from, Beowulf, eleven of his warriors, and the slave set off to fight the dragon. Beowulf, now about seventy, starts to falter in his duel with the dragon despite his sword Naegling. Wiglaf, seeing that something is wrong, leaps to the aid of Beowulf, calling for the others to join him. Beowulf, though the dragon bites him, kills it with the aid of Wiglaf, his nephew, whom he makes his successor. As he dies, he requests that he should be buried in a tall grave on a cliff top, visible from sea. The ten other swordsmen never joined in and are disinherited. All of the gold is either burned or buried with Beowulf. The end of the poem is disheartening. In addition to the many enemies who will attack when they hear of Beowulf’s death, there is also the king of Sweden whose brother’s armor Wiglaf wears and an old curse put upon the gold because they did no totally destroy it.
Most of The Hobbit’s emphasis is on the dragon, but I will speak briefly of the other monsters. Bilbo Baggins started as a respectable hobbit, who are short, fat, brightly clothed, and calm, with curly hair on their leather-like feet and head. In this case, respectable means rich, estimable, and never going on adventures. He is forced into an adventure when a wizard, Gandalf comes, and Bilbo unwillingly and inadvertently admits to liking adventures. Gandalf immediately arranges that he be sent on one. He goes off with thirteen dwarves, and Gandalf. The dwarves’ names are Balin, Dwalin, Fili, Kili, Dori, Nori, Ori, Oin, Gloin, Bifur, Bofur, Bomber, and Thorin Oakenshield. None of them are very memorable except Thorin, who is chief dwarf and grandson of Thrain, the king under the mountain;as well as Bomber, a fat dwarf who is the comic relief. Fili and Kili, who are Thorin’s young nephews, are also memorable because they are characters with whom you can sympathize with more then the rest of the dwarves. Their first adventure is some trolls. Bilbo accidentally alerts the trolls of the rest of his group’s presence, but Gandalf saves them by making the trolls argue until sunrise, when they turn to stone.



They find the troll’s cave, where they get Elvish weapons: Gandalf’s sword, Glamdring, Foe-hammer, worst hated by the goblins as Beater, Thorin’s sword, Orcrist, Goblin-cleaver also hated by the goblins as Biter, and Bilbo’s dagger which he names Sting. This is interesting: the practice of naming weapons, and while it was common in the Middle Ages, it is still a noteworthy similarity between the two books. It makes you wonder what Hrunting and Naegling mean. Also interesting is the the fact that the swords are known by multiple names. The swords obtained from the trolls in The Hobbit glowed when goblins were near. “Suddenly a sword flashed in its own light.” and, “It gleamed ever in the dark if foes approached.” Similar to the sword Beowulf found in Grendel’s mother’s cave; as, it was a “glittering a great hoard-weapon smith-wrought by giants a sword for victory blade for a champion best of war-weapons gleaming in gold work.”



They meet and, are captured by some Goblins. Their home is similar to Grendel’s mothers home: “It was deep, deep, dark, such as only goblins that have taken to living in the heart of the mountains can see through.” The mother of Grendel’s home was in an underwater cave. “That black she-wolf bore him away tugged through the water that warrior from above to her deep cavern-den”. Gandalf rescues them, but Bilbo gets left behind. The goblin’s feelings about their possession of the sword are similar to the mother of Grendel’s feelings about their possession of his arm. “They hated it and hated worse any one who carried it.” “Then his mother sorrowed grieved for her child greedy for man-blood went prowling for vengeance payment for her son.” Not to say that the goblins are an exact, or even a parallel to Grendel’s mother, they just come at similar places and do similar things. Bilbo’s reappearance was also similar to Beowulf’s. After escaping another carnivorous creature and finding an invisibility ring, he finds them “wondering and debating what they were to do now. The dwarves were grumbling, and Gandalf was saying that they could no possibly go on with their journey leaving Mr. Baggins in the hands of the goblins, without trying to find out whether he was alive or dead, and without trying to rescue him.” ‘And here’s the burglar!’ said Bilbo stepping down into the middle of them, and slipping off the ring. Bless me, how they jumped! Then they shouted with surprise and delight.” This was because they thought, like Beowulf’s warriors, that he might be dead: “they wished without hope that their hero would surface dive up to them.” “His thanes received him thankful to their God for bringing him back from that baleful journey safe after his fight with that sorceress of death. ”
They go through an evil enchanted forest and are captured by elves who live in the forest, but finally, they arrive at the town at the base of the dragon’s mountain. After announcing that the King under the Mountain has returned, they have great assistance. There were rumors about the king returning and gold. When they finally got into the mountain, Bilbo has to do his job. To prove himself to the others, he steals a great golden cup from under the dragon’s nose. “ His heart was beating and a more fevered shaking was in his legs than when he was going down, but still he clutched the cup, and his chief thought was: `I’ve done it! This will show them’.” This scene has exactly the same motives and outcome the scene where the wretched slave fleeing punishment for a crime steals a cup as a gift for Beowulf, so that he could have his life. “till a trembling slave kindled his [the dragon] anger carried off a gem-cup bore it to his lord begged a settlement a gift for his life. ” The treasure in The Hobbit and Beowulf is similar. Both hoards are cursed, “The dwarves of Yore made mighty spells”. And “Those ancient heirlooms earned much curse-power old gold-treasure gripped in a spell – no one might touch them those nameless stone-riches no good or bad man unless God himself the great Glory-King might give someone to open that hoard that heap of treasures a certain warrior as seemed meet to him.” Both hoards were also guarded by a dragon. “ ‘he took all their wealth for himself. Probably, for that is the dragons’ way, he has piled it all up in a great heap far inside, and sleeps on it for a bed.’ ” “a raging flame-dragon ruled in darkness fire-grim guardian of a great treasure mound”.
The dragon figures that the thieves who stole his cup must have come from the Lake Town. “ ‘If you are not one of those men of the Lake, you had their help. They shall see me and remember who is the real King Under the Mountain!’ ” The dragon in Beowulf figured the same thing, and went out on an angry rampage for his cup. “The dragon was ready on his wall by the sea soared with balefire fueled by his fury. The feud had begun, ”. Bilbo had seen the dragon’s vulnerable spot when he had talked with the old worm earlier. ‘Dazzlingly marvellous! Perfect! Flawless! Staggering!’ exclaimed Bilbo aloud, but what he really thought was ‘Old fool! Why, there is a large patch in the hollow of his left breast as bare as a snail out of its shell!’ A thrush had overheard, and told Bard, one of the besieged about it. “ ‘Wait! Wait!’ It said to him. ‘The moon is rising. Look for the hollow of his left breast as he flies and turns above you!’ And while Bard paused in wonder it told him of tidings up in the mountain and of all he had heard.” “The great bow twanged. The black arrow sped straight from the string, straight for the hollow by the left breast were the foreleg was flung wide. In it smote and vanished, barb, shaft and feather, so fierce was its flight. With a shriek that deafened men, felled trees and split stone, Smaug shot spouting into the air, turned over and crashed down from on high in ruin. Full on the town he fell. His last throes splintered it to sparks and gledes. The lake roared in. A vast steam leaped up, white in the sudden dark under the moon. There was a hiss, a gushing whirl, and then silence. And that was the end of Smaug and Esgaroth, [the Lake Town] but not of Bard.” And, thus, Bard symbolizes Wiglaf. He did the killing, as Wiglaf gave the fatal wound to his dragon: “He ducked past the head – hot flame-belching burned his hand then as he buried his sword burnished treasure-blade in that black snake belly.” Bard became the new ruler of the town,‘We will have King Bard!’ the people near at hand shouted in reply.” Because Bard was the descendant of the ruler of Dale, (which had become deserted years earlier because of the dragon) Bard became the governer of Dale, but let the old Master continue ruling Esgaroth. Wiglaf also became Beowulf’s heir and inherited his throne. “ ‘Now would I give to my good son-child my armor and weapons if only a land-heir had been granted to me to guard my kingdom prince of my loins.’ ”

 “He removed from his throat a marvelous neck-ring gold-gleaming collar gave it to his thane, young spear-warrior, yielded his armor helmet and mailcoat hailed him farewell”. Smaug (Bilbo’s dragon) and Beowulf’s dragon also, basically died in the same place, though Beowulf’s dragon died by his cave on the sea shore and not in the sea, and both ended up in the sea/lake. Of Tolkien’s dragon, “He would never again return to his golden bed, but was stretched cold as stone, twisted upon the floor of the shallows.” And Beowulf’s dragon: “The dragon they shoved over the cliffwall into cold wave-water let the sea embrace that shepherd of wealth.”
There are preparations for a war at the end of The Hobbit, similar to the war foreshadowed at the end of Beowulf, “We will live to see dark slaughter-days when the death of our king is widely heralded over wave-rolling seas to Franks and Frisians. That feud was started hard against Hugas when Hygalac went forth sailing with float-troops to Frisian territory where the swordstrong Hetware humbled him in battle gained victory there with greater force-fighting till that best of spear-kings bent down in death fell among foot-troops – no fine gold plunder he brought to our hall. Since that day no stern Merovingians have sent us peace-tokens. Nor will Battle-Swedes bear us good tidings wish us good will.” The Lake-men and elves are about to fight it out for the gold, against the dwarves, minus Bilbo (who has gone over to the elves’/Lake-men’s side) and Gandalf, (who has returned, but is with Bilbo) plus Thorin’s friend Dain’s army. Fortunately, the war is prematurely stopped because of an oncoming hoard of Goblins. “ ‘Halt!’ cried Gandalf, who appeared suddenly, and stood alone, between the advancing dwarves and the ranks awaiting them. ‘Halt!’ He cried in a voice like thunder, and his staff blazed forth with a flash like the lightning. ‘Dread has come upon you all! Alas! It has come more swiftly than I guessed. The Goblins are upon you! Bolg of the north is coming, O Dain! whose father you slew in Moria. Behold! the bats are above his army like a sea of locusts They ride upon wolves and Warges are in their train. Amazement and confusion fell upon them all Even as Gandalf had been speaking the darkness grew the dwarves halted and gazed at the sky. The elves cried out with many voices Come called Gandalf. There is time yet for council Let Dain son of Nain come swiftly to us! So began the battle that no one had expected and it was called the Battle of five armies and it was very terrible Upon one side were the Goblins and the wild wolves and upon the other were Elves and men and Dwarves.” Because the goblins are mutual enemies, they all unite to defeat them. Even characters who were not in the original armies show up. They defeat the goblins, who do not cause anyone trouble for a long time after, distribute the gold, and make peace.
In the battle, Thorin Oakenshield nobly receives fatal wounds, and dies. As Beowulf dies in the passage I quoted earlier. [Thorin to Bilbo] “ ‘Farewell, good thief,’ he said. ‘I go now to the halls of waiting to sit beside my fathers, until the world is renewed.” Fili and Kili also die defending their uncle. Thorin is Buried as Beowulf was, with treasure. “They buried Thorin deep beneath the Mountain, and Bard laid the Arkenstone upon his breast. ‘There let him lie until the Mountain falls!’ he said. ‘May it bring good fortune to all his folk after!’ Upon his tomb the Elvinking laid Orcrist, the elvish sword that had been taken from Thorin in captivity. It is said in songs that it gleamed ever in the dark if foes approached, and the fortress of the dwarves could not be taken by surprise.” 

“Then a wagon was loaded with wound goldrings numberless bracelets borne beside the warrior…They raised skywards ready for their king a pyre on that point for their proud warleader hung it with helmets hard shield-bosses bright mesh-corselets as he bade them to do. They laid him in the middle their beloved gift-friend lifted with heartgrief the helm of their land. On the cliff the kindled a king’s balefire wavering death flames…In the barrow they placed bracelets and gems brought from the rock-den – each beaker and dish went back to earth bright gold meadcups stored once again where they still lie waiting as useless as they ever had been.” And so, the treasure was not used because Wiglaf had decreed, “that mighty dragon-hoard shall all go with him grimly purchased with his own lifeblood – for the last time now he has paid for goldrings. Pyre-flames shall eat them flame-roof shall thatch them no thane shall wear them treasures so dear no dressed hall maidens shell wear on their bosoms wound gold necklaces”. Which was true to a certain extent of the dragon’s hoard. “The old Master had come to a bad end. Bard had given him much gold for the help of the Lake-people, but being of the kind that easily catches such disease he fell under the dragon-sickness, took most of the gold and fled with it, and died of starvation in the Waste deserted by his companions.” Dain takes his place as king under the mountain and restores it’s halls, just as Wiglaf did. “There now Dain son of Nain took up his abode, and he became King under the Mountain, and in time many other dwarves gathered to his throne in the ancient halls. Of the twelve companions of Thorin, ten remained, Fili and Kili had fallen defending him with shield and body, for he was their mother’s elder brother. The others remained with Dain; for Dain dealt his treasure well.”

Everything turns out square. After a time, Bilbo journeys home with Gandalf. On returning, He finds all his stuff being auctioned off, his house being possessed by his relatives, and that everyone thinks that he is dead. (They never quite forgive him for it either.)





In The Lord of the Rings He gives the ring to Frodo, his younger cousin who also has some interesting adventures with it.
Afternote: I left out several things perhaps important quite probably some of my comparisons are stretched. However, I wrote it without the benefit of the knowledge that I could read other people’s reports. In addition, after reading the LOTR trilogy, I saw several other possible parellels. The ring which Bilbo found in the cave is similar to the sword Beowulf found in Grendel’s mother’s cave. Both dragon had armor. In the Hobbit, there were several hints as to the impending war of the rings (Gandalf visiting the Necromancer, going away to fight Sauron while they went through Mirkwood, and his long absence, reasoning with Sauraman to let them get at Sauron) This is quite similar to the fact that Geoltand’s enemies would probably attack after Beowulf was dead.