“You see, Pooh,” I said, “a lot of people don’t seem to know what Taoism is . . .”
“Yes?” said Pooh, blinking his eyes. “So that’s what this chapter is for—to explain things a bit.”
“Oh, I see,” said Pooh. “And the easiest way to do that would be for us to go to China for a moment.”
“What?” said Pooh, his eyes wide open in amazement. “Right now?”
“Of course. All we need to do is lean back, relax, and there we are.”
“Oh, I see,” said Pooh.
Let’s imagine that we have walked down a narrow street in a large Chinese city and have found a small shop that sells scrolls painted in the classic manner. We go inside and ask to be shown something allegorical—something humorous, perhaps, but with some sort of Timeless Meaning.
The shopkeeper smiles. “I have just the thing,” he tells us. “A copy of The Vinegar Tasters!”
He leads us to a large table and unrolls the scroll, placing it down for us to examine.
“Excuse me—I must attend to something for a moment,” he says, and goes into the back of the shop, leaving us alone with the painting.
Although we can see that this is a fairly recent version, we know that the original was painted long ago; just when is uncertain. But by now, the theme of the painting is well known.
We see three men standing around a vat of vinegar. Each has dipped his finger into the vinegar and has tasted it. The expression on each man’s face shows his individual reaction. Since the painting is allegorical, we are to understand that these are no ordinary vinegar tasters, but are instead representatives of the “Three Teachings” of China, and that the vinegar they are sampling represents the Essence of Life. The three masters are K’ung Fu-tse (Confucius), Buddha, and Lao-tse, author of the oldest existing book of Taoism.
The first has a sour look on his face, the second wears a bitter expression, but the third man is smiling.
To K’ung Fu-tse (kung FOOdsuh), life seemed rather sour. He believed that the present was out of step with the past, and that the government of man on earth was out of harmony with the Way of Heaven, the government of the universe. Therefore, he emphasized reverence for the Ancestors, as well as for the ancient rituals and ceremonies in which the emperor, as the Son of Heaven, acted as intermediary between limitless heaven and limited earth. Under Confucianism, the use of precisely measured court music, prescribed steps, actions, and phrases all added up to an extremely complex system of rituals, each used for a particular purpose at a particular time. A saying was recorded about K’ung Fu-tse: “If the mat was not straight, the Master would not sit.” This ought to give an indication of the extent to which things were carried out under Confucianism. To Buddha, the second figure in the painting, life on earth was bitter, filled with attachments and desires that led to suffering. The world was seen as a setter of traps, a generator of illusions, a revolving wheel of pain for all creatures. In order to find peace, the Buddhist considered it necessary to transcend “the world of dust” and reach Nirvana, literally a state of “no wind.” Although the essentially optimistic attitude of the Chinese altered Buddhism considerably after it was brought in from its native India, the devout Buddhist often saw the way to Nirvana interrupted all the same by the bitter wind of everyday existence. To Lao-tse (LAOdsuh), the harmony that naturally existed between heaven and earth from the very beginning could be found by anyone at any time, but not by following the rules of the Confucianists. As he stated in his Tao Te Ching (DAO DEH JEENG), the “Tao Virtue Book,” earth was in essence a reflection of heaven, run by the same laws—not by the laws of men. These laws affected not only the spinning of distant planets, but the activities of the birds in the forest and the fish in the sea. According to Lao-tse, the more man interfered with the natural balance produced and governed by the universal laws, the further away the harmony retreated into the distance. The more forcing, the more trouble. Whether heavy or light, wet or dry, fast or slow, everything had its own nature already within it, which could not be violated without causing difficulties. When abstract and arbitrary rules were imposed from the outside, struggle was inevitable. Only then did life become sour. To Lao-tse, the world was not a setter of traps but a teacher of valuable lessons. Its lessons needed to be learned, just as its laws needed to be followed; then all would go well. Rather than turn away from “the world of dust,” Lao-tse advised others to “join the dust of the world.” What he saw operating behind everything in heaven and earth he called Tao (DAO), “the Way.” A basic principle of Lao-tse’s teaching was that this Way of the Universe could not be adequately described in words, and that it would be insulting both to its unlimited power and to the intelligent human mind to attempt to do so. Still, its nature could be understood, and those who cared the most about it, and the life from which it was inseparable, understood it best. Over the centuries Lao-tse’s classic teachings were developed and divided into philosophical, monastic, and folk religious forms. All of these could be included under the general heading of Taoism. But the basic Taoism that we are concerned with here is simply a particular way of appreciating, learning from, and working with whatever happens in everyday life. From the Taoist point of view, the natural result of this harmonious way of living is happiness. You might say that happy serenity is the most noticeable characteristic of the Taoist personality, and a subtle sense of humor is apparent even in the most profound Taoist writings, such as the twenty-five-hundred-year-old Tao Te Ching. In the writings of Taoism’s second major writer, Chuang-tse (JUANGdsuh), quiet laughter seems to bubble up like water from a fountain. “But what does that have to do with vinegar?” asked Pooh. “I thought I had explained that,” I said. “I don’t think so,” said Pooh. “Well, then, I’ll explain it now.” “That’s good,” said Pooh. In the painting, why is Lao-tse smiling? After all, that vinegar that represents life must certainly have an unpleasant taste, as the expressions on the faces of the other two men indicate. But, through working in harmony with life’s circumstances, Taoist understanding changes what others may perceive as negative into something positive. From the Taoist point of view, sourness and bitterness come from the interfering and unappreciative mind. Life itself, when understood and utilized for what it is, is sweet. That is the message of The Vinegar Tasters. “Sweet? You mean like honey?” asked Pooh. “Well, maybe not that sweet,” I said. “That would be overdoing it a bit.” “Are we still supposed to be in China?” Pooh asked cautiously. “No, we’re through explaining and now we’re back at the writing table.” “Oh.” “Well, we’re just in time for a little something,” he added, wandering over to the kitchen cupboard.
"I don't even really KNOW -- What You're TALKING About....!!
I mean, I KNOW, What You're Talking About -- but I don't REALLY know
What You're Talking About...!"
Wally Shawn :
“Well, uh... do you want to know my actual response to all this?
Do you want to hear my actual response?”
Andre :
Yes!
Wally Shawn :
See, my actual response, I mean...
I mean, I'm just trying to Survive, you know?
I mean, I'm just trying to earn a Living...
just trying to Pay My Rent and My Bills.
I mean... Ah, I Live My Life.
I enjoy staying home with Debby.
I'm reading Charlton Heston's autobiography.
And that's that.
I mean, you know, I mean, occasionally, maybe...
Debby and I will step outside,
we'll go to a party or something.
And if I can occasionally
get my little Talent together
and write a little play...
well, then that's just wonderful.
And I mean, I enjoy reading
about other little plays people have written,
and reading the reviews of those plays
and what people said about them...
and what people saidabout
what people said.
And I mean, I have a list of errands and responsibilities
that I keep in a notebook. I enjoy going through the notebook...
carrying out the responsibilities, doing the errands,
and crossing them off The List.
And, I mean, I just don't know how anybody
could enjoy anything more than I enjoy,
reading Charlton Heston's autobiography,
or, you know, getting up in the morning...
and having the cup of cold coffee
that's been waiting for me all night,
still there for me to drink in the morning...
and no cockroach or fly has died in it overnight.
I mean, I'm just so thrilled when I get up...
and I see that coffee there,
just the way I wanted it.
I mean, I just can't imagine..
How anybody could enjoy something else
any more than that.
I mean, obviously, if the cockroach,
if there is a dead cockroach in it...
well, then I just have a feeling
of disappointment, and I'm sad.
But I mean, I just don't think...
I feel the need for anything more than all this.
Whereas, you know, you seem to be saying...
that, uh... it's inconceivable that anybody
could be having a meaningful life today...
and, you know, everyone is totally destroyed...
and we all need to live in these outposts.
But I mean, you know, I just can't believe, even for you...
I mean, don't you find, isn't it pleasant just to get up in the morning... and there's Chiquita, there are the children.... and The Times is delivered, you can read it. I mean, maybe you'll direct a play, maybe you won't direct a play.
But forget about the play that
you may or may not direct.
Why is it necessary to, why not lean back
and just enjoy these details?
I mean, and there'd be a delicious
cup of coffee and a piece of coffeecake.
I mean, why is it necessary
to have more than this...
or to even thinkabout
having more than this?
I mean, I don't really know what you're talking about.
I mean, I know what you're talking about...
but I don't really know what you're talking about.
And I mean, you know, even if
I were to totally agree with you, you know,
and even if I were to accept the idea
that there's just no way for anybody
to have personal happiness now...
well, you know, I still couldn't accept the idea...
that the way to make life wonderful would be to just totally...
you know, reject Western civilization...
and fall back into some kind of belief
in some kind of weird something.
I mean, I don't even know
how to begin talking about this...
but you know, in the Middle Ages...
before the arrival of scientific thinking as we know it today...
well, people could believe anything.
Anything could be True,
The statue of the Virgin Mary
could speak or bleed or whatever it was.
But the wonderful thing that happened
was that then in The Development
of Science in The Western World
certain things did come slowly
to be known and understood.
I mean, you know... obviously,
all ideas in Science are constantly
being revised.
I mean, that's The Whole Point.
But we do at least know that
The Universe has some shape and order...
and that, you know,
Trees do notturn into
People or Goddesses...
and there are very good
reasonswhy they don't...
and you can't just believe
absolutely anything.
Whereas, the things that you're talking about...
I mean, I mean, You found the handprint in the book,
And I mean, if I were gonna go on a trip on an airplane... and I got a fortune cookie that said "Don't go!" I mean, of course, I admit I might feel a bit nervous for about one second. But in fact, I would go because, I mean... that trip is gonna be successful or unsuccessful... based on the state of the airplane and the state of the pilot.
And the cookie is in no position to know about that.
And I mean, you know, it's the same
with any kind of, prophecy,
or a sign, or an omen.
Because if you believe in omens then
that means that The Universe... I mean, I don't even know how to begin to describe this. That means that the future is somehow sending messages... backwards to the present. Which, which means that the future must exist in some sense already... in order to be able to send these messages. And it also means that things in the universe are there for a purpose... to give us messages. Whereas I think that things in the universe are just there. I mean, they don't mean anything. I mean, you know, if the turtle's egg falls out of the tree and splashes on the paving stones... it's just because that turtle was clumsy by accident. And, and to decide whether to send my ships off to war on the basis of that... seems a big mistake to me. Well, what information would you send your ships to war on? Because if it's all meaningless... what's the difference whether you accept the fortune cookie... or the statistics of the Ford Foundation? It doesn't seem to matter. Well, the meaningless fact of the fortune cookie or the turtles egg... can't possibly have any relevance to the subject you're analyzing. Whereas a group of meaningless facts that are collected and interpreted... in a scientific way may quite possibly be relevant. Because the wonderful thing about scientific theories about things... is that they're based on experiments that can be repeated.
Well, it's True, Wally.
I mean, you know,
following omens and so on...
Ä°s probably just a way of letting ourselves off the hook so that
we don't have to take individual responsibilityfor our own actions.
But I mean, giving yourself over to The Unconscious can leave you vulnerable to all sorts of very frightening manipulation.
And in all the work that I was involved in,
there was always that danger.
And there was always that question of tampering with people's lives,
because if I lead one of these workshops,
then I do becomepartly a doctor
and partly a therapist,
and partly a priest.
And I'm not a doctor,
or a therapist or a priest.
And already some of these new monasteries, or communities
or whatever we've been talking about are becoming institutionalized...
and I guess even in a way,
at times, sort of fascistic.
You know, there's a sort of self-satisfied elitist paranoia that grows up... a feeling of "Them" and "Us" that is very unsettling.
But I mean, the thing is, Wally,
I think it's the exaggerated worship of science that has led us into this situation.
I mean, science has been held up to us as a magical force
that would somehow solve everything.
Well, quite the contrary.
It's done quite the contrary.
It's destroyed everything.
So that is what has really led, I think to this very strong, deep reaction against Science that we're seeing now, just as the Nazi demons that were released in the '30s in Germany
were probably a reaction against a certain oppressive kind of knowledge and culture and rational thinking.
Sol agree that we're talking about something
potentially very dangerous.
But modern science has not been
particularlyless dangerous.
Right. Well, I agree with you. I completely agree. No, you know, the truth is... I think I do know what really disturbs me about the work you've described... and I don't even know if I can express it. But somehow it seems that the whole point of the work that you did in those workshops... when you get right down to it and you ask what was it really about... The whole point, really, I think... was to enable the people in the workshops, including yourself... to somehow sort of strip away every scrap of purposefulness... from certain selected moments. And the point of it was so that you would then all be able to experience... somehow just pure being. In other words, you were trying to discover what it would be like to live for certain moments... without having any particular thing that you were supposed to be doing. And I think I just simply object to that. I mean, I just don't think I accept the idea that there should be moments... in which you're not trying to do anything. I think, it's our nature, to do things. I think we should do things. I think that, purposefulness... is part of our ineradicable basic human structure. And to say that we ought to be able to live without it... is like saying that, a tree ought to be able to live without branches or roots.
But, but actually, without branches or roots, it wouldn't be a tree. I mean, it would just be a log. Do you see what I'm saying? I mean, in other words, if
I'm sitting at home and I have nothing to do... well, I naturally reach for a book. I mean, what would be so great about just sitting there and, doing nothing? It just seems absurd.
And if Debby is there? Well, that's just the same thing. I mean, is there really such a thing as, uh... two people doing nothing but just being together? I mean, would they simply then... be, "relating," to use the word we're always using? I mean, what would that mean? I mean, either we're gonna have a conversation... or we're going to, carry out the garbage... or we're going to do something, separately or together. I mean, do you see what I'm saying? I mean, what does it mean to just, simply, sit there? That makes you nervous. Well, why shouldn't it make me nervous? It just seems ridiculous to me. That's interesting, Wally. You know, when I went to Ladakh in western Tibet and stayed on a farm for a month... well, there, you know, when people come over in the evening for tea, nobody says anything. Unless there's something to say, but there almost never is. So they just sit there and drink their tea, and it doesn't seem to bother them. I mean, you see, the trouble, Wally, with always being active and doing things... is that I think it's quite possible to do all sorts of things... and at the same time be completely dead inside. I mean, you're doing all these things, but are you doing them... because you really feel an impulse to do them... or are you doing them mechanically, as we were saying before? Because I really do believe that if you're just living mechanically... then you have to change your life. I mean, you know, when you're young, you go out on dates all the time. You go dancing or something. You're floating free. And then one day suddenly you find yourself in a relationship... and suddenly everything freezes. And this can be true in your work as well. And I mean, of course, if you're really alive inside... then of course there's no problem. I mean, if you're living with somebody in one little room... and there's a life going on between you and the person you're living with... well, then a whole adventure can be going on right in that room. But there's always the danger that things can go dead. Then I really do think you have to kind of become a hobo or something, you know... like Kerouac, and go out on the road. I really believe that. You know, it's not that wonderful to spend your life on the road. My own overwhelming preference is to stay in that room if you can. But you know, if you live with somebody for a long time, people are constantly saying... "Well, of course it's not as great as it used to be, but that's only natural. The first blush of a romance goes, and that's the way it has to be." Now, I totally disagree with that. But I do think that you have to constantly ask yourself the question, with total frankness: "Is your marriage still a marriage?" "Is the sacramental element there?" Just as you have to ask about the sacramental element in your work... "Is it still there?"
I mean, it's a very frightening thing, Wally, to have to suddenly realize
that, my God, I thought I was living my life, but in fact I haven't been a human being.
I've been a performer. I haven't been living. I've been acting.
I've, I've acted the role of the father.
I've acted the role of the husband.
I've acted the role of the friend.
I've acted the role of the writer, or director, or what have you.
I've lived in the same room with this person,
but I haven't really seen them.
I haven't really heard them.
I haven't really been with them.
Yeah, I know some people are just sometimes... uh, existing just side by side. I mean, the other person's, face could just turn into a great wolf's face... and, it just wouldn't be noticed.
And it wouldn't be noticed, no.
It wouldn't be noticed.
I mean, when I was in Israel a little while ago...
I mean, I have this picture of Chiquita
that was taken when she...
I always carry it with me.
It was taken when she was about 26 or something.
And it's in summer, and she's stretched out on a terrace
in this sort of old-fashioned long skirt that's kind of pulled up.
And she's slim and sensual and beautiful.
And I've always looked at that picture
and just thought about just how sexy she looks.
And then last year in Israel, I looked at the picture...
and I realized that that face in the picture
was the saddest face in the world.
That girl at that time was just lost...
so sad and so alone.
I've been carrying this picture for years
and not ever really seeing what it is, you know.
I just never really looked at the picture.
And then, at a certain point, I realised
I'd just gone for a good 18 years unable to feel
except in the most extreme situations.
I mean, to some extent,
I still had the ability to live in my work.
That was why I was such a work junkie.
That was why I felt that every play that I did
was a matter of my life or my death.
But in my real life, I was dead.
I was a robot.
I mean, I didn't even allow myself
to get angry or annoyed.
I mean, you know, today Chiquita, Nicolas, Marina...
All day long, as people do,
they do things that annoy me
and they say things that annoy me.
And today I get annoyed.
And they say,
"Why are you annoyed?"
And I say,
"Because you're annoying." you know.
And when I allowed myself to consider the possibility
of not spending the rest of my life with Chiquita...
I realized that what I wanted most in life
was to always be with her.
But at that time, I hadn't learned
what it would be like to let yourself
reactto another human being.
And if you can't react to Another Person,
then there's no possibility of action or interaction.
And if there isn't, I don't really know what the word "Love" means
except Duty, Obligation, Sentimentality, Fear.
I mean... I don't know about you, Wally, but I...
I just had to put myself
into
a kind of training program
to learn
How to Be A Human Being.
I mean, How Did I Feel
About Anything?
I Didn't Know.
What kind of things did I like?
What kind of people did I really want to be with? You know?
And the only way that I could think of
to find out was to just cut out all the noise
and stop performing all the time
andjust listen to what was inside me.
See, I think a time comes
when you need to do that.
Now, maybe in order to do it, you have to go to the Sahara... and maybe you can do it at home. But you need to cut out the noise. Yeah. Of course, personally, I, I just... I usually don't like those quiet moments, you know. I really don't. I mean, I don't know if it's that, Freudian thing or what... But, you know, the fear of unconscious impulses... or my own aggression or whatever, but... if things get too quiet, and I find myself just, sitting there... you know, as we were saying before...
I mean, whether I'm by myself, or, or I'm, I'm with someone else...
I just, I just have this feeling of... my God, I'm going to be revealed. In other words, I'm adequate to do any sort of a task... but I'm not adequate, just to, to be a human being. I mean, in other words, I'm not... If l'm just, trapped there and I'm not allowed to do things... but all I can do is just, be there... well, I'll just fail
But then, he meets up with A Hooker, who knows him, who sees what he has in mind to do —
and She is Dead Against it.
I suppose you're wondering why you're here?
It had crossed my mind.
(Drops lid)
What's it all about?!
Sit down and I'll tell you.
It's a Question of
Your Resignation.
Go on.
The Information in Your Head
is priceless.
You don't realise
You're a Valuable Property.
You're worth
a great deal.
Who brought me Here?
I know how you feel.
Believe Me,
They've taken quite A Liberty.
Who are "They"?
A lot of people are curious
about
Your Resignation.
You had a brilliant career,
an impeccable record.
They want to know why you left.
What people?
Personally, I believe you,
that it was
a matter of principle.
But what I think
doesn't count, does it?
One has to be sure about such things.
So you poke your nose into
My Private Business?!
I have to check Your Motive.
I've been checked!
Of course — but when A Man knows as much as you do,
a double check does no harm, does it?
I don't know Who You Are,
or Who You Work For,
and I Don't Care.
I'm Leaving.
Haven't you realised
There's No Way Out?
I have something that will interest you.
Good evening.
Good evening.
I'm Dr. Harford.
One of My Patients was admitted This Morning.
Miss Amanda Curran.
Could you please give me
her room number?
Certainly, Doctor.
Her Name again?
Curran.
Amanda Curran.
C-U-R-R-A-N?
Miss Amanda Curran?
That's right.
I'm sorry, Doctor.
Miss Curran died this afternoon.
She died this afternoon?
Yes, at 3:45 p.m.
I'm sorry.
“Because it could cost me My Life...
...and possibly yours.”
[ It could possibly cost herHisLife. ]
Yes, this is Dr. Harford.
Tonight? No, no, that's okay.
Please tell him I'll be there in about 20 minutes.
YAWH :
Come in.
Bill, I appreciate you coming.
Sorry to drag you out here.
Let me have your coat.
I was out anyway.
Thank you.
YAWH :
How about a drink?
Are you having one?
Sure.
YAWH :
What would you like?
Just a little scotch.
YAWH :
Good. How do you take it? Neat?
Please.
That was a terrific party
the other night.
Alice and I had a wonderful time.
YAWH :
Well, good.
It was great seeing you both.
Cheers.
Were you playing?
No, I was just knocking
a few balls around.
Beautiful scotch.
That's a 25-year-old.
I'll send you over a case.
No, please.
Why not?
You feel like playing?
No, thanks. You go ahead, I'll watch.
I was just...
Listen... The reason I asked you to come over is...
...I need to talk to you about something.
Sure.
It's a little bit awkward.
And I have to be completely Frank.
What kind of problem are you having?
It isn't a medical problem.
Actually...
...it concerns you.
I know What Happened last night.
And I know what's been going on since then.
And I think you just might...
...have the wrong idea
about one or two things.
I'm sorry, Victor, I... .
What in the hell are you talking about?
Please, Bill, no games.
I was There. At The House.
I saw everything that went on.
What the hell did you think you were doing?
I couldn't even begin to imagine... ...how you'd heard about it...
...let alone got yourself through the door.
Then I remembered seeing you
with that prick piano player...
...Nick whatever the f*ck his name was, at my party.
And it didn't take much to figure out The Rest.
It wasn't Nick's fault.
It was mine.
Of course it was Nick's fault.
If he hadn't mentioned it to you, none of this would've happened.
I recommended that cocksucker to those people...
...and he's made me look like a complete asshole.
What can I say?
I had... ...absolutely... ...no idea you were involved in any way. I know you didn't, Bill. But I also know that you... . You went to Nick's hotel this morning... ...and talked to the desk clerk.
How do you know that?
Because I had you followed.
You had me followed?
Okay, okay, I'm sorry. All right? I owe you an apology.
This was for your own good, believe me.
I know what the desk clerk told you.
But what he didn't tell you is... ...all they did was put Nick on a plane to Seattle.
By now he's probably back with his family... ...banging Mrs. Nick. The clerk said he had a bruise on his face. Okay, he had a bruise on his face. That's a hell of a lot less than he deserves. I don't think you realize what kind of trouble you were in last night. Who do you think those people were? Those were not just ordinary people there. If I told you their names-- I'm not gonna tell you their names... ...but if I did, I don't think you'd sleep so well. Was it the second password? Is that what gave me away? Yes, finally. But not because you didn't know it. It's because there was no second password. Of course it didn't help a whole lot that those people arrive in limos... ...and you showed up in a taxi. Or that they found the receipt from the rental house in your coat... ...made out to you-know-who. There was a woman there... ...who tried to warn me. I know. Do you know who she was? She was a hooker. Sorry, but... ...that's what she was.
A Hooker.
Suppose I told you... ...that everything that happened to you there... ...the threats, the girl's warnings... ...her last-minute intervention... ...suppose I said that all of that... ...was staged.
That it was a kind of charade. That it was fake. Fake? Yes. Fake. Why would they do that? Why? In plain words... ...to scare the living sh1t out of you. To keep you quiet about where you'd been... ...and what you'd seen. Have you seen this? Yes, I have. I saw her body in the morgue. Was she the woman at the party? She was. The woman lying dead in the morgue... ...was the woman at the party. Well, Victor, maybe I'm missing something here. You called it a fake, a charade.
Do you mind telling me what kind of f*cking charade...
...ends with somebody turning up dead?
Okay, Bill, let's
cut the bullshit. All right?
You've been way out of your depth for the last 24 hours.
You want to know what kind of charade?
I'll tell you exactly what kind.
That whole play-acted, ""take me"" phony sacrifice... ...that you've been jerking off with had nothing to do with her real death.
Nothing happened after you left that hadn't happened to her before.
She got her brains f*cked out. Period.
When they took her home, she was just fine, and the rest is in the paper.
She was a junkie. She OD'd.
There was nothingsuspicious.
Her Door was locked
from the inside.
The Police are Happy.
End of Story.
Come on, it was always gonna be just a matter of time with her. Remember, you told her so yourself.
You remember, the one with the great tits who OD'd in my bathroom?
Listen, Bill, nobody killedanybody. Someone died.
It happens all the time.
But Life goes on.
It always does...
...until it doesn't.
But you know that, don't you?
We’ll need The Body [ of Your Friend ] for evidence.