Molmutine Law

Neglected British History By Flinders Petrie

“The condition of pagan Britain is remarkably preserved in the laws of Dyvnwal Moelmud. That these laws are certainly long before the tenth century is proved by the gulf that exists between the state of society shown by them and that of the laws of Howel fixed to A.D. 914…. the laws of Howel refer back to Moelmud. What takes the laws of Moelmud at least to Roman times is that they are purely Pagan…How much farther back these laws may date, towards the traditional time of Moelmud, the fourth or seventh century BC we cannot now inquire.

The whole air is that of simple conditions and a free life, with much personal cultivation and sympathy in general Conduct. It would be impossible to produce such a code from a savage or violent people, and this intimate view of their life is the best ground for judging of their qualities.”

Source: http://www.ldolphin.org/cooper/appen6.html

The Stuart’s historian, Percy Enderbie, says in his history published in 1661 that Molmutius “took upon himself the Government of Britanny [i.e. Britain] in the year of the worlds creation 4748”. 

Meanwhile the Tudor historian Holinshed reported in the 1587 edition of his Chronicles that Molmutius “began his reigne over the whole monarchie of Britaine, in the yéere of the world 3529 [439 BC]”.

Both authors agree with Tysilio on the reign’s duration, of 40 years. Given that the foundation of Rome was in 753 BC, Molumutius’s reign was 439-399 BC. This is right for Molmutius’s son Brennus to be the enemy commander at the Sack of Rome in 390 BC and to be named as such by the Roman historian Livy.

Source: The National CV

The Ancient Laws of Cambria – William Probart c.1823

“These triads are remarkably curious and interesting. They throw great light upon the manners and customs of the old Britons, and, in many cases, breathe a spirit of freedom that would not disgrace the polish of the nineteenth century…These triads also merit attention on account of their antiquity. They were framed by Dyvnwal Moelmud, who flourished about 400 years before the Christian æra, and consequently are upwards of two thousand years old.”

The Molmutine Laws

There are 3 tests of Civil Liberty,—

• Equality of Rights
• Equality of Taxation
• Freedom to Come and Go

There are 3 causes which ruin a State,—

• Inordinate Privileges
• Corruption of Justice
• National Apathy.

There are 3 things which cannot be considered solid longer than their foundations are solid,—

• Peace, 
• Property, and 
• Law.

3 things are indispensable to a true union of Nations, —

• Sameness of Laws, 
• Rights, and 
• Language.

There are 3 things free to all Britons,—

• The Forest, 
• The Unworked Mine, 
• The Right of Hunting Wild Creatures.

There are 3 things which are private and sacred property in every Man, Briton or foreigner,—

• His Wife, 
• His Children, 
• His Domestic Chattels.

There are 3 things belonging to a Man which no Law of Men can touch, fine, or transfer,—

• His Wife, 
• His Children, and
• The Instruments of His Calling; 

for 

No Law Can Unman a Man, 

or 

Uncall a Calling.

There are 3 persons in a family exempted from all manual or menial work—

• The Little Child, 
• The Old Man or Woman, and
• The Family Instructor

There are 3 orders against whom no weapon can be bared—

• The Herald 
• The Bard 
• The Head of a Clan

There are 3 of private rank, against whom no weapon can be bared,—

• A Woman 
• A Child Under Fifteen, and
• An Unarmed Man

There are 3 things that require the unanimous vote of the nation to effect,—

• Deposition of the Sovereign
• Introduction of Novelties in Religion
• Suspension of Law.

There are 3 civil birthrights of every Briton,

• The Right to Go Wherever He Pleases

• The Right, Wherever he is, to Protection From His Land and Sovereign
• The Right of Equal Privileges and Equal Restrictions

There are 3 property birthrights of every Briton,—

• Five (British) Acres of Land for a Home 
• The Right of Armorial Bearings
• The Right of Suffrage in the Enacting of the Laws, the Male at Twenty-one, the Female on Her Marriage.

There are 3 guarantees of society,—

• Security for Life and Limb
• Security for Property
• Security of the Rights of Nature

There are 3 Sons of Captives Who Free Themselves—

• A Bard 
• A Scholar 
• A Mechanic

There are 3 things the safety of which depends on that of the others,—

• The Sovereignty 
• National Courage
• Just Administration of the Laws

There are 3 things which every Briton may legally be compelled to attend,—

• The Worship of God
• Military Service and
• The Courts of Law

For 3 things a Briton is pronounced a traitor, and forfeits his rights, 

• Emigration
• Collusion With an Enemy 
• Surrendering Himself, and Living Under an Enemy.

There are 3 things free to every Man, Briton or foreigner, the refusal of which no law will justify,—

• Water from Spring, River, or Well
• Firing from a Decayed Tree
• A Block of Stone not in use.

There are 3 orders who are exempt from bearing arms,—

• The Bard
• The Judge,
• The Graduate in Law or Religion. 

These represent God and his peace, and 

no weapon must ever be found in their hand. 

There are 3 kinds of Sonship,—

• A Son by Marriage with a Native Briton
• An Illegitimate Son Acknowledged on Oath by his Father
• A Son Adopted out of the Clan.

There are 3 whose power is Kingly in law,—

• The Sovereign Paramount of Britain Over all Britain and its Isles, 
• The Princes Palatine in their Princedoms, 
• The Heads of the Clans in their Clans.

There are 3 thieves who shall not suffer punishment, —

• A Woman Compelled by her Husband, 
• A Child, 
• A Necessitous Person Who Has Gone Through 3 Towns and to 9 Houses in Each Town Without Being Able to Obtain Charity Though he Asked for it.

There are 3 Ends of Law,—

• Prevention of Wrong, 
• Punishment for Wrong Inflicted
• Insurance of Just Retribution.

There are 3 Lawful Castigations,—

• Of a Son by a Father 
• Of a Kinsman by the Head of a Clan
• Of a Soldier by his Officer. 

The chief of a clan when marshalling his men may strike his man 3 ways—

• With His Baton
• With the Flat of His Sword
• With His Open Hand. 

Each of these is a correction, not an insult.

There are 3 sacred things by which the conscience binds itself to truth,—

• The Name of God
• The Rod of Him Who Offers Up Prayers to God
• The Joined Right Hand.

There are 3 persons who have a right to public maintenance—

• The Old
• The Babe
• The Foreigner Who Cannot Speak the British tongue.”

Source: Ancient Laws of Cambria

The Molmutine Laws and Pagan Britain

Introduction
The following is an account of the law and society as they stood in ancient Britain during the centuries preceding the Roman invasion of 55 BC. It is based upon the surviving laws of King Dyfnal Moel Myd (Dunvallo Molmutius), who reigned in the 5th-4th centuries BC. The account, from pp. 20-24 of Flinders Petrie's paper, (1) bears repeated reading, for it reveals a level of culture and literacy amongst the early Britons that is quite unlike the popular image that has been cultivated in recent years by the modernist treatment of British history. It also speaks volumes for the existence of a king whom modernists have always said was a mythical figure, and it reveals our ancestors to have been a highly cultivated and civilised people, and not the illiterate painted savages of popular fame.

The Molmutine Laws and Pagan Britain

by Flinders Petrie
The condition of pagan Britain is remarkably preserved in the laws of Dyvnal Moelmud. That these laws are certainly long before the tenth century is proved by the gulf that exists between the state of society shown by them and that of the laws of Howel fixed to AD 914. The laws of Howel show a highly complex and detailed condition of law, and an elaborate royal court, with the rights of officials minutely fixed. In the laws of Moelmud there is very simple law, always subject to proved custom and to adaptation to circumstance; there is no royal court, and very few officials, with no defined claims. Moreover, the laws of Howel refer back to Moelmud. What takes the laws of Moelmud at least to Roman times is that they are purely Pagan, and the only Christian allusion is an addition to the forms of legal oath, saying that 'In subsequent times the form of oath was given by the Ten Commandments, the Gospel of St. John, and the blessed Cross' (no. 219). This stamps the previous oaths and the rest of the laws as of the pagan period, and therefore at least of the third century, as British bishops attended the Council of Aries in AD 314. How much farther back these laws may date, towards the traditional time of Moelmud, the fourth or seventh century BC, we cannot now enquire. Probably they were of gradual accretion, but apparently no part comes under the influence of Christian usage. We can, then, at least accept the picture of society here shown as being that of the Britons under the earlier part of the Roman dominion. Of the two series of legal triads, the short first series, 1-34, is here marked A; (2) the long series is simply numbered L-248. (3) Skene agrees to the laws of Howel being of the tenth century, but never mentions those of Moelmud. Stephens asserts that the laws of Moelmud were certainly not composed earlier than the sixteenth century. What writer of that date would forge a consistent body of punitive tribal law, entirely pagan in character, and why any one should do so when the laws of Howel were celebrated and prized, are questions ignored by the easy assertion of a late date for which no reason is given.

First we may note the laws referring to the state of society. Wherever little children, dogs, and poultry are found, the place has a right to the privilege of the court and the sacred place (87). The fields were private property, but cultivated in common tillage (A 5). The wild land was tribal property, free for wood-cutting, hunting, and gathering acorns to feed pigs (142); but it could not be taken into cultivation without consent of the lord and his court (101). Iron mines were common property; but the ore dug out was private (49). A permit was needed to shift the family wagon or booth; if done without permission, the mover lost all rights, like a criminal or foreigner (A 33). The only general movement allowed was that of the public shepherd of the township, or the chase of wild beasts by the public horn, or of bards spreading knowledge. But bankrupt men who had no kin or land were free to travel (A 28). Thus the organized society was held together.
The idea of the bonds of society was very strong. The mutual bonds of a social state are equal protection, tillage, arid law (45). The duties of public help, which every person must render, are in invasion, the public cry of base deeds or murder, and fire (A 15). Society is disorganized by oppressive privilege, unjust decision in law, and negligence allowing regulations to be destroyed (31). The tribal bond is broken up by famine, earthquake, flood, or conquest, and the tribe must begin to form a new social state (A 32).
In more personal matters no arms might be shown in a convention of the country and lord, or convention of independence, or convention of the bards (58). The things indispensable to a free man were his tunic, harp and kettle. The indispensables of a vassal were his hearthstone, bill-hook and trough (239, 240). The property of which a man might not be deprived were his wife, children, clothes, arms, and implements of the privileged arts (53). The three ornaments of a tribe were a book, a harp, and a sword, and they could not be distrained by law (54). The hereditary owner of land could always reclaim it after sale by offering the value (93). This proves that strictly private ownership co-existed with tillage in common.
Government was not despotic, and the chief or king was hardly more than a spokesman. The chief was the oldest efficient man in the tribe (88, 165). The meeting of a country could be called by public proclamation, not only by the king or lord of the district, or the chief of a tribe, but also by a family representative (171). There were three privileged conventions--first, that of the bards for sound instruction on virtue, wisdom, and hospitality, to record events, actions, and pedigrees, and proclaim laws; second, that of the country and lord for court of law; third, for independence, to establish harmony by mutual reason and agreement of country and country, prince and prince, vote and vote (59, 61). The reasons for taking the vote of the country were to enact or repeal a law, to give judgement when the law is insufficient, and by the privilege of the country to guard against illegal measures by opposing the offenders (161). The consent of the country was needed to abrogate the king's law, to dethrone the sovereign, and to teach new sciences and new regulations in the convention of the bards (63). The native rights of all freeborn men and women were the gift and free use of five acres of land (eight English acres), the carrying of arms, and a vote to a man at puberty, and to a woman when she marries (65). A woman also had the privilege that if she had a son by a foreigner against her consent, as when in the power of foreigners in any way, by tribal order or accident, her son inherited as a free man, although a foreigner could not inherit privileges of free men for nine generations (116). Each generation of bondmen or foreigners that married a freeborn woman gained one degree of the nine necessary for freedom.

Law was but custom enforced. 'There are three pillars of the law: custom before record and tradition; the king through legal authority; and the decision of the country by vote where there has been neither custom nor law' (155). Three kinds of custom are to be maintained: first, the custom that sets the law aside; second, custom that excels law, but limited to local use; third, custom which excels law in the special circumstances, to be confirmed by the verdict of the country (28). Three things might supersede law: acts of the king to enforce truth or justice; privilege, which nothing can remove; and a contract with witnesses. The judge was to use his discretion widely; he must know the law, know the customs so that law may not injure them, and know the tendencies of his times and their consequences, leaving a wide opening for judge-made law (12).
The court consisted essentially of the king, or lord, to listen and declare what the sense of the law and its application is, the judge to hear the evidence and decide on what is proved of the facts, the clerk to write the pleadings (204, 210) and to destroy the record after the cause is finished (130). This entirely prevented a growth of law by precedents as in England.

Learning was greatly respected. Privilege of support was given to rank, to bards or teachers, and to orphans (A 12). The free man must support a wife, also a fighting man if he does not fight himself, and a family tutor (81). The family teacher was exempt from all manual work, bearing arms, or cultivation, like infants and the aged (55). The privileged arts, that give complete liberty, are bardism, metallurgy, and learning or literature. Those who profess these have an extra five acres of land besides their five acres as free men (68, 71). The smith, mason, and carpenter all had equal rights (73). No bondman was to learn the arts of freemen; if he did so he was free (69), but his sons reverted to bondage (70). Hereditary learning therefore kept the family free, before the nine generations of bondage were over.

The most remarkable part of the law was the respect to foreigners. A foreigner under the protection of the tribe must be assisted in travel (A 8). He was as a trader not to be oppressed or injured though speaking a barbarous tongue (78). The foreigner practising arts obtained the status of freeman in the third generation (70). He was to be allowed an advocate in law courts (209), protection and support from the taxes (209), and to be excused in case of capital crime, as ignorant (23). In case he was shipwrecked on the coast he had free maintenance (198, 199).

These laws give a remarkable view of a community with the greatest respect for weakness and misfortune, high rights for women, full consideration for foreigners, and great privilege for learning, for the arts, and the crafts. Social duty was strongly held, and the full power rested on the vote of every free man and woman, even to deposing the king. Arms were prohibited civil assembly, and the harp was as necessary to a free man his coat and his cooking-pot. The whole air is that of simple conditions and a free life, with much personal cultivation and sympathy in general conduct. It would be impossible to produce such a code from a savage or violent people, and this intimate view of their life is the best ground for judging of their qualities. That there was generally a well-organized peace kept in the country is shown by Caesar's statement that 'the number of the people is countless, and their buildings exceedingly numerous.'

Notes
1. Flinders Petrie, W.M. Neglected British History. Proc. Brit. Academy. 1917. Vol. VIII. pp. 1-28.
2. Probert, W. (trans). The Ancient Laws of Cambria. 1823. pp. 8-14.
3. ibid. pp. 15-87.

Ukraine - You Didn't Build That

In 1997, amid the wreckage of the USSR, Russia & Ukraine signed a Partition Treaty determining the fate of the military bases and vessels in Crimea. The deal sparked widespread officer ‘defections’ to Russia and was ratified by the Russian & Ukrainian parliaments in 1999. Russia received 81.7 percent of the fleet’s ships after paying the Ukrainian government US$526.5 million.

Moscow annually wrote off $97.75 million of Kiev’s debt for the right to use Ukrainian waters and radio frequencies, and to compensate for the Black Sea Fleet’s environmental impact.

The Russian navy was allowed up to

- 25,000 troops,

- 24 artillery systems with a caliber smaller than 100 mm,

- 132 armored vehicles, and

- 22 military planes, on Crimean territory.

Authorities in the Ukrainian Autonomous Republic of Crimea requested Moscow’s assistance after the self-proclaimed government in Kiev introduced a law abolishing the use of languages other than Ukrainian in official circumstances.

Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet  (1997)

http://www.mid.ru/bdomp/spd_md.nsf/0/BBC88CF0F9DF3F9F44257C9800383F4D (archive link:https://archive.today/ue0rj )

AGREEMENT

between the Russian Federation and Ukraine about the status and conditions of the Black Sea Fleet Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine

Russian Federation and Ukraine, hereinafter referred to as the Parties, Aiming to further develop and strengthen friendship and cooperation Have agreed as follows below:

Article 1

Status of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation on Ukraine is determined by this Agreement and other agreements between the Parties, is the development of this Agreement.

Article 2

For the purposes of this Agreement, the following terms mean: 1. "Military formations" - the military units Russian Black Sea Fleet stationed in territory of Ukraine. 2. "Companies, organizations and institutions of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation "- stationed on the territory of Ukraine objects of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation, staffed by military personnel and civilians, and engaged in production and business, medical recreational or other similar activities the interests of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation. 3. "The place of dislocation" - defined area, water area, that host military units. 4. "Those members of the military formations" - servicemen of the Russian Federation, extending military service composed of military units, as well as sent to military formations of the Russian Federation. 5. "Family members, members of the military formations "- spouses, children. other permanent residents with relatives of these persons, as well as their dependents face.

Article 3

The Russian Party shall promptly notify the Ukrainian Side through diplomatic channels on the appointment of the Commander Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation.

Article 4

1. The total number of personnel, the number of ships ships, weapons and equipment of the Black Sea Fleet Russian Federation who are pas territory of Ukraine, not will exceed the levels specified in the Agreement between Russian Federation and Ukraine on the parameters section Black Sea Fleet from the "28" in May 1997. 2. The Russian Party shall annually, before January 1, according to list agreed by the Parties shall inform the Ukrainian side of the total number of personnel and the main armament Russian Black Sea Fleet located at territory of Ukraine.

Article 5

Russian Party undertakes not to have nuclear weapons Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation located on the territory of Ukraine.

Article 6

1. Military units operate in places of deployment in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, respect the sovereignty of Ukraine, observe its legislation and do not allow interference in the internal affairs Ukraine. 2. Economic activity of enterprises, organizations and institutions the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation shall not contradict the legislation of Ukraine. 3. Public authorities to respect the status of Ukraine military formations, shall take appropriate and consistent with their command safety measures personal composition, protection of property rights and property military units, and do not interfere in their internal life. 4. Relationships of persons belonging to the military formations and their families with legal and physical Ukraine faces is governed by the relevant locations of the Parties treaties and laws of Ukraine.

Article 7

Construction in areas of deployment of military forces roads, bridges, buildings and other facilities shall be Russian Party in consultation with the relevant authorities Ukraine.

Article 8

1. Contents of the constitution of the military on the territory of Ukraine, their recruitment, financing and all kinds of supplies and stocks of the Russian Federation. 2. Military forces conduct exercises and other combat and operational training within training centers, landfills, positional areas and areas dispersal, shooting ranges and, in restricted areas, in designated areas of airspace in coordination with the competent Ukrainian authorities. Warships and military formations to court prior notice to the competent authorities of Ukraine can of sailing in the territorial waters of Ukraine in order to call (output) ports of Ukraine, which are deployed military formations. 3. Referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article polygons positioning areas and dispersal areas, shooting ranges and airspace designated areas may also shared by military units and Naval Forces of Ukraine by agreement between the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Defence. 4. Military units may in their locations and movements implement protection measures in accordance with the procedure established in the Armed Forces Federation, in cooperation with the competent authorities of Ukraine. 5. The procedure for using the navigation-system Parties hydrographic safety of navigation in the Black and Azov is determined by a separate agreement.

Article 9

1. Exclusion zones for aircraft flights military formations in Ukrainian airspace determined by the competent authorities of Ukraine, taking into account needs of these military formations. If necessary, can establish additional aircraft flight corridors of military formations. 2. The Parties shall cooperate in the field of security aircraft flights military formations. Policies and forms of such cooperation shall be determined by individual agreements.

Article 10

1. Ukraine reserves the right to military units contain and use of radio electronic facilities and funds accordance with the existing rules on the day of signing this Agreement. Reconstruction of existing and creation new electronic objects via separate agreements. 2. To avoid mutual interference Use frequency spectrum and radio frequencies electronic facilities are regulated by the formation of military separate agreement.

Article 11

Persons belonging to the military units outside places dislocations can be installed in a way they dress in accordance with the procedures applicable in the Armed Forces The Russian Federation.

Article 12

1. Service vehicles of the Black Sea Fleet Russian Federation must have a registration number and a clear sign. Use of official vehicles for license Ukraine signs are not allowed. 2. When operating vehicles of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation observed operating in Ukraine traffic rules, including the rules of conduct in place accident, as well as rules on the transport dangerous goods. Control over compliance with these rules by the competent authorities of Ukraine and the command Russian Black Sea Fleet. 3. Moving and lifting heavy equipment Russian Black Sea Fleet, including crawler machine outside the agreed routes provided rail or pas trailers.

Article 13

1. Persons belonging to the military units cross the Russian-Ukrainian border on presentation identity soldier (military tickets) adult members of their families - passports and minor members of their families - on the record in these documents. 2. Parties grant to the persons entering into the military units, and following them to their families, crossing the Russian-Ukrainian border in connection with the change duty station, disposable carry their personal belongings without charging duties and other taxes of equivalent effect and fees.

Article 14

1. Funds allocated from the budget of the Russian Federation for financing military formations of the Black Sea Fleet Russian Federation and individuals within them, are not subject to income tax in Ukraine. Businesses, organizations and Institutions Russian Black Sea Fleet produce tax deductions in accordance with the legislation of Ukraine. 2. Russian Federation's participation in socio-economic development of Sevastopol and other settlements, in which deployed military units of the Black Sea Fleet Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine is carried out on basis of a separate agreement.

Article 15

1. Transport troops, persons belonging to the military formations, following a single procedure and in part of military formations, weapons, military equipment and other logistical resources, and guard specialists, their attendants, all modes of transport, which are executed in the interests of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation, implemented on a priority basis to meet border, customs and other types of state control when crossing the Russian-Ukrainian border in accordance with the Ukrainian legislation. 2. Transport of dangerous goods and discharge are carried out in accordance with the signed December 23, 1993 in Ashgabat in within the Commonwealth of Independent States Agreement interstate transport of dangerous goods and discharge. 3. Special transport and military products appointments are made ​​in accordance with the contract May 26 1995 in Minsk within the Commonwealth of Independent States Agreement on the transport of goods and special products for military appointment. 4. Transportation using ships Navy, civilian agencies of the Russian courts Federation of Ukrainian ports were in compliance with Merchant Shipping Code of Ukraine, the corresponding port rules, rules of safety of navigation and environmental protection Fisheries and Ukraine. 5. Movement associated with the activities of military units outside their areas of deployment are carried out after coordination with the competent authorities of Ukraine.

Article 16

Questions to visit places of deployment of military forces representatives of third States are resolved by agreement between the competent authorities of the Parties.

Article 17

Persons entering into military formations, paid salaries and wages and Ukrainian currency.

Article 18

1. Russian Party will reimburse the damage that can be caused by acts or omissions of military formations or persons therein in the performance of their official responsibilities of citizens or legal entities of Ukraine, citizens or entities of third countries who are on territory of Ukraine, in the amount established on the basis of presented in accordance with Ukrainian legislation claims. 2. Ukrainian party will reimburse any damage that may be caused by troops on the territory of Ukraine acts or omissions of individuals or legal entities of Ukraine, in the amount established on the basis of presented according with Ukrainian law claims.

Article 19

Jurisdictional issues associated with the presence of military formations on the territory of Ukraine shall be governed by the following follows: 1. In cases of crimes committed by persons forming into military formations or members of their families territory of Ukraine, the law of Ukraine and act courts, prosecution and other competent authorities Ukraine. 2. Paragraph 1 of this Article shall not apply to: a) in case of persons who are members of the military formations, or their family members - citizens of the Russian Federation - crimes against the Russian Federation, as well as against persons belonging to the military units or members their families - the citizens of the Russian Federation; b) in case of persons who are members of the military formations crimes while on duty in places where military formations. In the cases provided for in this paragraph shall apply legislation of the Russian Federation and the courts operating, prosecution and other competent authorities of the Russian Federation. 3. The competent authorities of the Parties may refer to one another with a request for surrender or acceptance of jurisdiction over individual cases provided for in this Article. Such requests will be dealt with immediately and favorably.

Article 20

1. Ukrainian Party reserves the persons entering and composition of military units and their families right Ownership of immovable property owned by them (residential home, summer and garden buildings, garages, etc.). 2. Persons entering into military formations, and members of their families traveling outside Ukraine for permanent residence, Ukrainian Party shall provide an opportunity to export or selling their property.

Article 21

Servicemen of military units provided Command of military units service the residential area at its disposal.

Article 22

The Parties shall ensure to persons belonging to the military formations and their families equal rights with citizens of Ukraine right to education in the schools of general education. primary, secondary and higher education, admission to kindergartens, as well as protection health and other social services. Order payments in connection with the implementation of this Article is determined separate agreement.

Article 23

Russian Black Sea Fleet, located at Ukraine undertakes to take all necessary measures to Under Ukrainian law, the conservation ecosystems and pollution prevention in the field of its disposition, reacts to this end with the relevant authorities Ukraine.

Article 24

To resolve disputes concerning the interpretation and application this Agreement, a Joint Commission. The Mixed Commission shall act in accordance with adopted its rules. If the Joint Commission can not resolve dispute referred to it, it will be settled through diplomatic channels in soon as possible.

Article 25

This Agreement shall be applied provisionally from the date of its signature and shall enter into force on the date of the last notification completion of their internal procedures necessary for its entry into force. * The notifications that the procedures necessary for entry into force of this Agreement will be performed notifications simultaneously with the exchange of the Parties to internal procedures necessary for the entry into force of the Agreement between the Russian Federation and Ukraine parameters of the division of the Black Sea Fleet of the "28" in May 1997 and Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and Government of Ukraine on mutual relating to section Black Sea Fleet and the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine of "28" in May 1997.

This Agreement is for 20 years, measured from the start date of its provisional application. Term of Agreement will be automatically renewed for successive periods of five periods, unless either Party notifies the other in writing Side of termination not later than one year before it expires.

Done at Kiev "28" in May 1997, in duplicate, in the Russian and Ukrainian languages, both texts being equally authentic.

FOR THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FOR UKRAINE

Ratified by the Federal Assembly (Federal Law July 3, 1999 N 124-FZ - Collected Legislation Russian Federation, 1999, N 27, st.3186)

__________

• The Agreement entered into force on 12 July 1999.

"So here they are, the facts:

1) A Russian naval presence in Crimea dates to 1783 when the port city of Sevastopol was founded by Russian Prince Grigory Potemkin. Crimea was part of Russia until Nikita Khruschev gave it to Ukraine in 1954.

2) In 1997, amid the wreckage of the USSR, Russia & Ukraine signed a Partition Treaty determining the fate of the military bases and vessels in Crimea. The deal sparked widespread officer ‘defections’ to Russia and was ratified by the Russian & Ukrainian parliaments in 1999. Russia received 81.7 percent of the fleet’s ships after paying the Ukrainian government US$526.5 million.

3) The deal allowed the Russian Black Sea Fleet to stay in Crimea until 2017. This was extended by another 25 years to 2042 with a 5-year extension option in 2010.

4) Moscow annually writes off $97.75 million of Kiev’s debt for the right to use Ukrainian waters and radio frequencies, and to compensate for the Black Sea Fleet’s environmental impact.

5) The Russian navy is allowed up to

- 25,000 troops,

- 24 artillery systems with a caliber smaller than 100 mm,

- 132 armored vehicles, and

- 22 military planes, on Crimean territory.

6) Five Russian naval units are stationed in the port city of Sevastopol, in compliance with the treaty:

- The 30th Surface Ship Division formed by the 11th Antisubmarine Ship Brigade. Comprises the Black Sea Fleet’s flagship guard missile cruiser Moskva as well as Kerch, Ochakov, Smetlivy, Ladny, and Pytlivy vessels, and the 197th Landing Ship Brigade, consisting of seven large amphibious vessels;

- The 41st Missile Boat Brigade includes the 166th Fast Attack Craft Division, consisting of Bora and Samum hovercrafts as well as small missile ships Mirazh and Shtil, and 295th missile Boat Division;

- The 247th Separate Submarine Division, consisting of two diesel submarines – B-871 Alrosa and B-380 Svyatoy Knyaz Georgy;

- The 68th Harbor Defense Ship Brigade formed by 4 vessels of the 400th Antisubmarine Ship Battalion and 418 Mine Hunting Ship Division respectively.;

- The 422nd Separate Hydrographic Ship Division boasts the Cheleken, Stvor, Donuzlav and GS-402 survey vessels and hydrographic boats.

7) Russia has two airbases in Crimea, in Kacha and Gvardeysky.

8) Russian coastal forces in Ukraine consist of the 1096th Separate Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment in Sevastopol and the 810th Marine Brigade, which hosts around 2,000 marines.

9) Russian naval units are permitted to implement security measures at their permanent post as well as during re-deployments in cooperation with Ukrainian forces, in accordance with Russia’s armed forces procedures.

Authorities in the Ukrainian Autonomous Republic of Crimea – where over half the population is Russian – requested Moscow’s assistance after the self-proclaimed government in Kiev introduced a law abolishing the use of languages other than Ukrainian in official circumstances.

Last week, Russia’s Federation Council unanimously approved President Vladimir Putin’s request to send the country’s military forces to Ukraine to ensure peace and order in the region “until the socio-political situation in the country is stabilized.”

However, the final say about deploying troops lies with Putin, who hasn’t yet made such a decision, stressing that deploying military force would be a last resort.

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The Secret History of the Corporate War in Vietnam and the "Small Wars" of the Future.

Hunting for VC in the Crawlspace.

"MindWar...is, in fact, the strategy to which tactical warfare must conform if it is to achieve maximum effectiveness. The MindWar scenario must be preeminent in the mind of the commander and must be the principal factor in his every field decision. Otherwise he sacrifices measures which actually contribute to winning the war to measures of immediate, tangible satisfaction. (Consider the rational for 'body counts' in Vietnam).

...

"In its strategic context, MindWar must reach out to friends, enemies, and neutrals alike across the globe -- neither through primitive "battlefield" leaflets and loudspeakers of PSYOP nor through the weak, imprecise, and narrow effort of psychotronics - but through the media possessed by the United States which have the capabilities to reach virtually all people on the face of the Earth. These media are, of course, the electronic media -- television and radio. State of the art developments in satellite communication, video recording techniques, and laser and optical transmission of broadcasts made possible a penetration of the minds of the worlds such as would have been inconceivable just a few years ago. Like the sword Excalibur, we have but to reach out and seize this tool; and it can transform the world for us if we have the courage and the integrity to civilization with it. If we do not accept Excalibur, then we relinquish our ability to inspire foreign cultures with our morality. If they then desire moralities unsatisfactory to us, we have no choice but to fight them on a more brutish level.

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"Unlike PSYOP, MindWar has nothing to do with deception or even with 'selected' -- and therefore misleading -- truth. Rather it states a whole truth that, if it does not now exist, will be forced into existence by the will of the United States. The examples of Kennedy's ultimatum to Khrushchev during the Cuban Missile Crisis and Hitler's stance at Munich might be cited. A MindWar message does not have to fit conditions of abstract credibility as do PSYOP there; its source makes it credible. As Livy once said: 'The terror of the Roman name will be such that the world shall know that, once a Roman army had laid siege to a city, nothing will move it -- not the rigors or winter nor the weariness of months and years -- that it knows no end but victory and is ready, in a swift and sudden stroke will not serve, to preserve until that victory is achieved.'

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"For the mind to believe in its own decisions, it must feel that it made those decisions without coercion. Coercive measures used by the operative, consequently, must not be detectable by ordinary means. There is no need to resort to mind-weakening drugs such as those explored by the CIA; in fact the exposure of a single such method would do unacceptable damage to MindWar's reputation for truth. Existing PSYOP identifies purely-sociological factors which suggest appropriate idioms for messages. Doctrine in this area is highly developed, and the task is basically one of assembling and maintaining individuals and teams with enough expertise and experience to apply the doctrine effectively. This, however, is only the sociological dimension of target receptiveness measures. There are some purely natural conditions under which minds may become more or less receptive to ideas, and MindWar should take full advantage of such phenomena as atmospheric electromagnetic activity (12), air ionization (13), and extremely low frequency waves (14).

Crimea - Rumour Control

This is Rumour Control - So here they are, the facts:

1) A Russian naval presence in Crimea dates to 1783 when the port city of Sevastopol was founded by Russian Prince Grigory Potemkin. Crimea was part of Russia until Nikita Khruschev gave it to Ukraine in 1954.

2) In 1997, amid the wreckage of the USSR, Russia & Ukraine signed a Partition Treaty determining the fate of the military bases and vessels in Crimea. The deal sparked widespread officer ‘defections’ to Russia and was ratified by the Russian & Ukrainian parliaments in 1999. Russia received 81.7 percent of the fleet’s ships after paying the Ukrainian government US$526.5 million.

3) The deal allowed the Russian Black Sea Fleet to stay in Crimea until 2017. This was extended by another 25 years to 2042 with a 5-year extension option in 2010.

4) Moscow annually writes off $97.75 million of Kiev’s debt for the right to use Ukrainian waters and radio frequencies, and to compensate for the Black Sea Fleet’s environmental impact.

5) The Russian navy is allowed up to

- 25,000 troops,

- 24 artillery systems with a caliber smaller than 100 mm,

- 132 armored vehicles, and

- 22 military planes, on Crimean territory.

6) Five Russian naval units are stationed in the port city of Sevastopol, in compliance with the treaty:

- The 30th Surface Ship Division formed by the 11th Antisubmarine Ship Brigade. Comprises the Black Sea Fleet’s flagship guard missile cruiser Moskva as well as Kerch, Ochakov, Smetlivy, Ladny, and Pytlivy vessels, and the 197th Landing Ship Brigade, consisting of seven large amphibious vessels;

- The 41st Missile Boat Brigade includes the 166th Fast Attack Craft Division, consisting of Bora and Samum hovercrafts as well as small missile ships Mirazh and Shtil, and 295th missile Boat Division;

- The 247th Separate Submarine Division, consisting of two diesel submarines – B-871 Alrosa and B-380 Svyatoy Knyaz Georgy;

- The 68th Harbor Defense Ship Brigade formed by 4 vessels of the 400th Antisubmarine Ship Battalion and 418 Mine Hunting Ship Division respectively.;

- The 422nd Separate Hydrographic Ship Division boasts the Cheleken, Stvor, Donuzlav and GS-402 survey vessels and hydrographic boats.

7) Russia has two airbases in Crimea, in Kacha and Gvardeysky.

8) Russian coastal forces in Ukraine consist of the 1096th Separate Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment in Sevastopol and the 810th Marine Brigade, which hosts around 2,000 marines.

9) Russian naval units are permitted to implement security measures at their permanent post as well as during re-deployments in cooperation with Ukrainian forces, in accordance with Russia’s armed forces procedures.

Authorities in the Ukrainian Autonomous Republic of Crimea – where over half the population is Russian – requested Moscow’s assistance after the self-proclaimed government in Kiev introduced a law abolishing the use of languages other than Ukrainian in official circumstances.

Last week, Russia’s Federation Council unanimously approved President Vladimir Putin’s request to send the country’s military forces to Ukraine to ensure peace and order in the region “until the socio-political situation in the country is stabilized.”

However, the final say about deploying troops lies with Putin, who hasn’t yet made such a decision, stressing that deploying military force would be a last resort.