c. 1300, quikenen, "come to life, receive life," also transitive, "give life to," also "return to life from the dead;" see quick (adj.) + -en (1). The earlier verb was simply quick (c. 1200, from late Old English gecwician, and compare Old Norse kvikna).
The sense of "hasten, accelerate, impart speed to" is from 1620s. The intransitive meaning "become faster or more active" is by 1805. Also, of a woman, "enter that state of pregnancy in which the child gives indications of life;" of a child, "begin to manifest signs of life in the womb" (usually about the 18th week of pregnancy); probably originally in reference to the child but reversed and also used of the mother.
Related: Quickened; quickening.
5 entries found.
quicken(v.)
c. 1300, quikenen, "come to life, receive life," also transitive, "give life to," also "return to life from the dead;" see quick (adj.) + -en (1). The earlier verb was simply quick (c. 1200, from late Old English gecwician, and compare Old Norse kvikna).
The sense of "hasten, accelerate, impart speed to" is from 1620s. The intransitive meaning "become faster or more active" is by 1805. Also, of a woman, "enter that state of pregnancy in which the child gives indications of life;" of a child, "begin to manifest signs of life in the womb" (usually about the 18th week of pregnancy); probably originally in reference to the child but reversed and also used of the mother.
c. 1400, speder (early 13c. as a surname), "one who furthers or assists another," agent noun from speed (v.). As "one who advances rapidly or attains success," 1570s. Both the older senses are archaic or obsolete. By 1847 as "mechanical contrivance for quickening." As "one who drives fast or moves with great swiftness" by 1891.
Related entries & more
alive (adj.)
c. 1200, "in life, living," contraction of Old English on life "in living, not dead," from a- (1) + dative of lif "life" (see life). The full form on live was still current 17c. Of abstract things (love, lawsuits, etc.) "in a state of operation, unextinguished," c. 1600. From 1709 as "active, lively;" 1732 as "attentive, open" (usually with to). Used emphatically, especially with man (n.); as in:
[A]bout a thousand gentlemen having bought his almanacks for this year, merely to find what he said against me, at every line they read they would lift up their eyes, and cry out betwixt rage and laughter, "they were sure no man alive ever writ such damned stuff as this."
Thus it was abstracted as an expletive, man alive! (1845). Alive and kicking "alert, vigorous," attested from 1823; Farmer says "The allusion is to a child in the womb after quickening," but kicking in the sense "lively and active" is recorded from 1550s (e.g. "the wanton or kicking flesh of yong maydes," "Lives of Women Saints," c. 1610).
abortion(n.)
1540s, "the expulsion of the fetus before it is viable," originally of deliberate as well as unintended miscarriages; from Latin abortionem (nominative abortio) "miscarriage; abortion, procuring of an untimely birth," noun of action from past-participle stem of aboriri "to miscarry, be aborted, fail, disappear, pass away," a compound word used in Latin for deaths, miscarriages, sunsets, etc., which according to OED is from ab, here as "amiss" (see ab-), + stem of oriri "appear, be born, arise" (see origin).
Meaning "product of an untimely birth" is from 1630s; earlier in this sense was abortive (early 14c.). Another earlier noun in English for "miscarriage" was abort (early 15c.). In the Middle English translation of Guy de Chauliac's "Grande Chirurgie" (early 15c.) Latin aborsum is used for "stillbirth, forced abortion." Abortment is attested from c. 1600; aborsement from 1530s, both archaic. Aborticide (1875) is illogical. Compare miscarriage.
In 19c. some effort was made to distinguish abortion "expulsion of the fetus between 6 weeks and 6 months" from miscarriage (the same within 6 weeks of conception) and premature labor (delivery after 6 months but before due time). The deliberate miscarriage was criminal abortion. This broke down late 19c. as abortion came to be used principally for intentional miscarriages, probably via phrases such as procure an abortion.
Criminal abortion is premeditated or intentional abortion procured, at any of pregnancy, by artificial means, and solely for the purpose of preventing the birth of a living child : feticide. At common law the criminality depended on the abortion being caused after quickening. [Century Dictionary, 1899]
Foeticide (n.) appears 1823 as a forensic medical term for deliberate premature fatal expulsion of the fetus; also compare prolicide. Another 19c. medical term for it was embryoctony, with second element from a Latinized form of Greek kteinein "to destroy." Abortion was a taboo word for much of early 20c., disguised in print as criminal operation (U.S.) or illegal operation (U.K.), and replaced by miscarriage in film versions of novels. Abortium "hospital specializing in abortions," is from 1934, in a Soviet Union context.
Kwame Ture on Constant Struggle, Socialism and Zionism
Constant Struggle - We want to make this aspect of Constant Struggle, clear of course the capitalist system of course will confuse you it presents things only as one side it's one-sided that things are only one side when they talk about the indians and the cowboys you just get the cowboy side not the indian side
When They talk about The Struggle in Palestine it's just a zionist never the palestine i mean never the other day someone was sitting down look at a movie it was a movie about how these you know the jewish people had suffered and now because they're suffering they're going to Palestine -- Zionist picture -- so it was on television so i walked out the room someone said oh you know you are so racist i said i'm racist yes this is a story it's just a story about people suffering and just that suffering and you think i said one last have you seen a picture of a palestinian family suffering on television you will never see it -- you will never see it because they don't want to work up Your Sentiments to support The Palestinians --
So the only stories you see are suffering stories of them all the time all the time all the time one-sided view of life is given everywhere this one-sided view of life we must come to look at the other side we must come to investigate the other side and when you investigate the other side the other side falls i told you that i was a socialist and i am i know that uh i must tell you this because capitalism just confuses you the other day i told a brother so she said you still socialist yeah he said but he fell i said really he said yeah you hear about it i said no i didn't hear about it he said it collapsed i said oh he said you know about the soviet union they're gone i said really i said listen i said you mustn't get confused you know capitalism doesn't just rape your labor and rip off your resources it deforms your thinking it deforms your thinking i told the man you're not thinking he said what you mean he said i saw it happen it's finished i said you never judge a system by its adherence you never judge any system by its believers you judge it by its principles he said i understand what you're talking about i said all i'm saying to you brother is you don't judge socialism by socialist he said you're talking double talk i said am i he said if you tell me that you can't judge socialism by sources who you judged by i said let me ask you one question do you judge christianity by christians if you judge christianity by christians it fell with judas and if it didn't forward judas so many many christians in so many many ways every day violates every principle of christianity when you judge a system you judge by its principles christianity has been betrayed everywhere the pope used it to divide the world slave masters use it to bring about slavery but me i will never condemn christianity i know its principles the principles are just therefore eternal any man any woman any time wishing to live a just life can pick up the principles imitate them and lift them so it is with socialism you must not get confused socialism hasn't gone anywhere it has been betrayed yes but betrayal doesn't mean collapse perhaps they get confused because at least judas had the dignity after betraying christianity to hang himself yeah gorbachev is still running around world picking up pieces of silver you must be clear here not confused i'm a socialist one other thing i must tell you now they confuse people about socialism brother the other day said why ain't no sources i said why not brother he said cause it's a white thing i said oh really you see europe tries to make believe that everything that comes out of the world comes out of europe i told the man i said socialism ain't no white thing he said yes it is he said karl marx discovered it mark's never discovered socialism he cannot you call the laws of gravity newton's laws i'm sure there's a mnemonic device to help you on your quizzes but you certainly cannot believe that isaac newton confound that a body falls at the rate of 32 feet per second squared per second squared he can't find this he can't discover he cannot invent this he can only observe it and record it discover the law if i'm sitting in timbuktu in africa and i've never heard of sir isaac newton and i'm conducting any experiments with gravity i will come to the same conclusion that he does a body in motion tends to stay in motion unless stopped by an outside force he cannot invent this he can only observe it and record it our marx did not invent socialism if i'm sitting in libya in the desert and i'm doing any research with capital labor without ever having heard of karl marx i will come to the same conclusion that he did that any time capital seeks to dominate labor there'll be a ruthless uncompromising struggle on the part of labor until it comes to crush capital and dominated this is a fact my history demonstrates that we came as chatted slaves for centuries we fought and fought and fought until we crushed it now we're just slave of the wage and now we've got to rise up and crush that one that's to declare that karl marx didn't invent socialism is there for all to see karl marx's great contribution to the world was in the air of historical materialism and dialectical materialism something you need to know if you know about socialism but since you don't know about socialism you don't even know the words and not only does the enemy keep you ignorant you stay ignorant you won't ever read a book about socialism why read a book about socialism they already told me my glasses ain't no good you will not even read a book about somebody you don't even read a book about your history we come to inspire you to learn we come to tell you that when you come to server people you must know as much as you can the more you know the better able you are to serve the people
And also, why didn't he just write something different instead?
Thankfully, in his letters, he answers
the first question rather definitively.
In letter 256, written in 1964 to Colin Bailey, Tolken says,
"I did begin a story placed about a 100red years after the downfall, but it proved both sinister and depressing.
Since we are dealing with Men, it is inevitable that we should be concerned with the most regrettable feature of their nature, their quick satiety with Good. So that the people of Gondur in times of peace, justice, and prosperity would become discontent and restless, while the dynast descended from Aragorn would become just kings and governors like Denithor or worse.
I found that even so early, there was an outcrop of revolutionary plots about a center of secret satanistic religion while Gondorian boys were playing at being orcs and going around doing damage.
I could have written a thriller about the plot and its discovery
and overthrow, but it would have been just that, not worth doing.
A year before his death, he mentions the subject yet again with the main difference being changing the timeline of events. Instead of the sequel taking place a century after the fall of Baradur, this version occurs a century after Aragon's death.
In letter 338, he explains, "I have written nothing beyond the first few years of the fourth age, except the beginning of a tale supposed to refer to the end of the reign of Elderon about a 100 years after the death of Aragorn."
Then I of course discovered that the king's peace would contain no tales worth recounting and his wars would have little interest after the overthrow of Sauron, but that almost certainly a restlessness would appear about then owing to the it seems inevitable boredom of men with The Good. There would be secret societies practicing dark cults and orc cults among adolescents.
In his original conceptualization of a sequel, Tolken imagined a Gondor perhaps akin to Numor before its fall. The goodness and the legends of the past had been forgotten, perhaps abandoned in this new age of prosperity and safety. Why should anyone care about the struggles of the past when we have nothing to worry about today? In this environment, people simply do not understand how lucky they are, how protected and peaceful their lives have become due to the sacrifices of their ancestors, of our protagonists from the War of the Ring. In this age of wealth, they grow bored. They grow not to care for what forged their good living in the first place. Thus, they turn to alternatives. They even begin worshiping the same darkness that tried to enslave their fathers and mothers. What could be more depressing than that? Everything that our protagonist went through to defeat Sauron and destroy the ring. Every death, every drop of blood reduced to nothing within a few centuries. And perhaps worse than that, it was reduced to nothing from within, not due to some external enemy. Humanity itself is shown to bring about its own doom inevitably, like an endless cycle of misery. In short, a sequel that renders The Lord of the Rings redundant is no sequel at all, which is why it was abandoned. Even more so, it would have desecrated the primary theme of The Lord of the Rings. Hope. The book is all about hope, about beating the odds, doing what is right in the face of insurmountable odds. How could this hope be destroyed without The Lord of the Rings itself being rendered meaningless? The problem is that any type of sequel would have required some sort of antagonistic force. This version, as Tolken rightfully said, would have felt more like a thriller due to its psychological struggle with evil from within Gondo. But even an external enemy would have likely been a bad idea, as it would have either made Sauron redundant or the new enemy would not have been strong enough to compare. Either the sequel is disappointing or the Lord of the Rings is overshadowed. Moreover, another problem that would have affected any type of sequel has to do with Tolken's world building itself. As you know, the fantastical and the magical within Middle Earth is slowly on its way out. This is a major theme of the Lord of the Rings that the age of the elves is waning and the age of men is about to begin. After all, Tolken wanted Middle Earth and Arda to gradually transition into our own reality, a reality without magic and fantastical creatures. As this was already a big theme of The Lord of the Rings, it would have had to be a large theme of a sequel taking place many years after The Lord of the Rings 2. The issue is that without the fairy and mythological elements that Tolken adored so much, his new book would no longer really be a fairy story. It would not have the mystical elements that we have grown so used to with the Sylmerelion, the Hobbit, and the Lord of the Rings. Not unless he completely changed directions on this massive theme of this world. Something I do not think would have been wise. something that Tolken obviously agreed with considering we did in fact get no sequel. The last major reason why a sequel was abandoned had to do with the Sylmerelion. The Sylmerelion was the passion project of Tolken's entire life. He was in the process of writing and rewriting it for about 50 years, never being able to quite finish it and be satisfied. Therefore, understanding the issues with writing a sequel, he instead focused his efforts on other endeavors. And though they were not published in his lifetime, we can thank his son Christopher for editing and publishing them for the past 40 years. A massive thank you to my channel members, and thank you very much for watching.
